Physical Thing – E18

E18 Physical Thing

Subclass of:

Superclass of:

Scope note:

This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, human-made or natural.

Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CIDOC CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter.

An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space at any instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. For the purpose of more detailed descriptions of the presence of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in space and time it can be associated with its specific instance of E92 Spacetime Volume by the property P196 defines (is defined by).

The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states, as long as they are not confined in an identifiable way for an identifiable minimal time-span.

Examples:

the Mona Lisa (E22) (Mohen, 2006)

the Cullinan Diamond (E19) (Scarratt and Shor, 2006)

the cave “Ideon Andron” in Crete (E26) (Smith, 1844-49)

Context notes:

In a foundational perspective, this class is equivalent to the Physical Endurant class in DOLCE, cf. Stefano Borgo et al., ‘DOLCE: A Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering’, Applied Ontology, 2022, 1–25 <https://doi.org/10.3233/AO-210259>. It is therefore to be considered as a sibling and disjoint class of the crm:E28 Conceptual Object class, equivalent to Non-physical Endurant in DOLCE. 

In First Order Logic:

  • E18(x) ⇒ E72(x)

Outgoing properties:

Incoming properties:

Scope notes

Show Scope note Language Namespace View details Comments
This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, human-made or natural.Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CIDOC CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter.An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space at any instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. For the purpose of more detailed descriptions of the presence of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in space and time it can be associated with its specific instance of E92 Spacetime Volume by the property P196 defines (is defined by). The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states, as long as they are not confined in an identifiable way for an identifiable minimal time-span. en CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0
Cette classe comprend toutes les entités physiques persistantes présentant une forme raisonnablement stable, [n.d.t.qu'elles aient été] élaborées par l'humain ou [n.d.t. qu'elles soient] naturelles.[n.d.t. Selon que ces instances de E18_Chose_matérielle présentent ou non des limites naturelles, le CIDOC CRM les considère soit comme des instances de E19_Objet_matériel, soit comme des instances de E26_Caractéristique_physique, comme les trous, les rivières, les terrains, etc.] La plupart des instances de E19_Objet_matériel peuvent être déplacées (si celles-ci ne sont pas trop lourdes), tandis que les caractéristiques [n.d.t. (E26_Caractéristique_physique)] font partie intégrante de la matière environnante.Une instance de E18_Chose_matérielle occupe non seulement un espace géométrique particulier à tout instant de son existence, mais au cours de cette dernière elle forme également une trajectoire dans l'espace et le temps. Celle-ci occupe un volume réel dans l'espace-temps, c.-à-d. que ce volume est de nature phénoménale [n.d.t. en d'autres termes, il peut être perçu par les sens ou lors d'une expérience.] L'espace que la matière de la chose matérielle remplit ainsi que tous ses espaces intérieurs, comme l'intérieur d'une boîte, sont inclus dans cette conception de l'espace occupé. Aux fins des descriptions plus détaillées de la présence d'une instance de E18_Chose_matérielle dans l'espace et le temps, elle peut être associée à son instance spécifique de E92_Volume_spatio-temporel par la propriété P196_définit (est_défini_par). Le CIDOC CRM ne traite généralement pas des cas d'amas de matière à l'état liquide ou gazeux tant qu'ils ne sont pas confinés d'une manière identifiable au sein d'un intervalle temporel minimalement identifiable. fr CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0

Examples

Show Example Language Namespace View details Comments
the Mona Lisa (E22) (Mohen, 2006) en CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0
the Cullinan Diamond (E19) (Scarratt and Shor, 2006) en CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0
the cave “Ideon Andron” in Crete (E26) (Smith, 1844-49) en CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0
La grotte Ideon Andron en Crète (E26_Caractéristique_physique) (Smith, 1844-49) fr CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0
Le diamant Cullinan (E19_Objet_matériel) (Scarratt & Shor, 2006) fr CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0
La Monna Lisa (E22_Objet_élaboré_par_l'humain) (Mohen, 2006) fr CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0

Additional notes

Show Notes Type Language Namespace View details Comments

Identifier: E18

Official URI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E18_Physical_Thing
OntoME URI: https://ontome.net/ontology/c18

Labels

Label Language Last updated View details Comments
Materielles de 2024-03-14 0
Υλικό Πράγμα el 2024-03-14 0
Physical Thing * en 2022-06-13 0
Chose matérielle * fr 2024-03-21 0
Coisa Material pt 2024-03-14 0
Физическая Вещь ru 2024-03-14 0
实物 zh 2024-03-14 0

* : Standard label for this language

Namespace

Namespace Last updated
CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 2022-06-13
CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 2022-06-13
CIDOC CRM version 6.2 2021-06-10

Parent classes

Class Class namespace Relation defined in Justification View details Edit Delete Comments
E72 Legal Object CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 0

Ancestor classes

Class Depth Class namespace Via
E1 CRM Entity 4 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E72 - E70 - E77
E70 Thing 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E72
E77 Persistent Item 3 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E72 - E70
Thing 5 OntoME internal model - active version E72 - E70 - E77 - E1

Child and descendant classes

Class Depth Class namespace Via
E19 Physical Object 1 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E20 Biological Object 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E19
E21 Person 3 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 C9 - E39
E21 Person 3 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E19 - E20
E22 Human-Made Object 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E19
E22 Human-Made Object 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E24
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing 1 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E25 Human-Made Feature 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E24
E25 Human-Made Feature 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E26
E26 Physical Feature 1 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E27 Site 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E26
E39 Actor 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 C9
E74 Group 3 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 C9 - C25
E74 Group 3 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 C9 - E39
E78 Curated Holding 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 E24
C13 Geographical Place 2 SDHSS Core ongoing E26
C17 Construction 2 SDHSS Core ongoing E24
C25 Intentional Collective 2 SDHSS Core ongoing C9
C9 Intentional Entity 1 SDHSS Core ongoing
C49 Amount of Matter 1 SDHSS Core ongoing
F5 Item 2 LRMoo 1.0 E24
F11 Corporate Body 5 LRMoo 1.0 C9 - C25 - E74 - F55
F11 Corporate Body 5 LRMoo 1.0 C9 - E39 - E74 - F55
F55 Collective Agent 4 LRMoo 1.0 C9 - C25 - E74
F55 Collective Agent 4 LRMoo 1.0 C9 - E39 - E74
F39 Family 5 LRMoo 1.0 C9 - C25 - E74 - F55
F39 Family 5 LRMoo 1.0 C9 - E39 - E74 - F55
C52 Physical Set 2 SDHSS Core ongoing E19
C67 Animal 2 SDHSS Core ongoing C9
C67 Animal 3 SDHSS Core ongoing E19 - E20
C69 Plant 3 SDHSS Core ongoing E19 - E20

Related classes

Relation Class Class namespace Justification Relation defined in View details Edit Delete Comments

Outgoing properties (this class is domain)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E18 Physical Thing crm:P128 carries (is carried by) E90 Symbolic Object CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P156 occupies (is occupied by) E53 Place CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm-sup:P17 is composed of part of type (is type of part of) E55 Type SDHSS CIDOC CRM Base and LRM supplement
E18 Physical Thing crm:P196 defines (is defined by) E92 Spacetime Volume CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P198 holds or supports (is held or supported by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P44 has condition (is condition of) E3 Condition State CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P45 consists of (is incorporated in) E57 Material CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P46 is composed of (forms part of) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P52 has current owner (is current owner of) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of) E53 Place CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P59 has section (is located on or within) E53 Place CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3

Outgoing properties (inherited from ancestors)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P1 is identified by (identifies) E41 Appellation CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P2 has type (is type of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P3 has note E62 String CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of) E42 Identifier CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm-sup:P6 has manifestation singleton type (is manifestation singleton type of) C10 Manifestation Singleton Type SDHSS CIDOC CRM Base and LRM supplement
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm-sup:P5 has type of manifestation product type (is type of) C8 Type of manifestation product type SDHSS CIDOC CRM Base and LRM supplement
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm-sup:P3 has digital object type (is type of) C7 Digital Object Type SDHSS CIDOC CRM Base and LRM supplement
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) sdh:P70 same resource in the world as (same as) E1 CRM Entity SDHSS Core ongoing
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) sdh:P2 domain class has identity defining component (is identity defining component of domain class) E1 CRM Entity SDHSS Core ongoing
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) sdh:P10 time-independent entity association E1 CRM Entity SDHSS Core ongoing
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) sdh:P18 is identifying component of range class (range class has identity defining component) E1 CRM Entity SDHSS Core ongoing
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm-sup:P20 same as external identifier (same as) E42 Identifier SDHSS CIDOC CRM Base and LRM supplement
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) sdh:P63 has preferred type (is preferred type of) E55 Type SDHSS Core ongoing
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm-sup:P28 same as URI [owl:sameAs] (same as) C30 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) SDHSS CIDOC CRM Base and LRM supplement
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm-sup:P30 observed entity type (entity type is observed by) C32 Observed Entity Type SDHSS CIDOC CRM Base and LRM supplement
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) sdh:P67 has kind (is kind of) C50 Kind SDHSS Core ongoing
E18 Physical Thing (is a E1 CRM Entity ) sdh:P71 could be the same entity as (inverse of could be the same entity as) E1 CRM Entity SDHSS Core ongoing
E18 Physical Thing (is a E70 Thing ) crm:P43 has dimension (is dimension of) E54 Dimension CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E70 Thing ) crm:P101 had as general use (was use of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E70 Thing ) crm:P130 shows features of (features are also found on) E70 Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E72 Legal Object ) crm:P104 is subject to (applies to) E30 Right CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E72 Legal Object ) crm:P105 right held by (has right on) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing (is a E77 Persistent Item ) sdh:P22 has quantifiable quality (is quantifiable quality of) C28 Quantifiable Quality SDHSS Core ongoing

Incoming properties (this class is range)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E4 Period crm:P8 took place on or within (witnessed) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E6 Destruction crm:P13 destroyed (was destroyed by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E8 Acquisition crm:P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E10 Transfer of Custody crm:P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E11 Modification crm:P31 has modified (was modified by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E14 Condition Assessment crm:P34 concerned (was assessed by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E16 Measurement crm:P39 measured (was measured by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P198 holds or supports (is held or supported by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P46 is composed of (forms part of) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E53 Place crm:P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E79 Part Addition crm:P110 augmented (was augmented by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E79 Part Addition crm:P111 added (was added by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E80 Part Removal crm:P112 diminished (was diminished by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E80 Part Removal crm:P113 removed (was removed by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E81 Transformation crm:P123 resulted in (resulted from) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E81 Transformation crm:P124 transformed (was transformed by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E93 Presence crm:P195 was a presence of (had presence) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
C15 Epistemic Location of a Physical Thing sdh:P17 is location of (has location) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C19 Physical Thing Life sdh:P26 is life of (has life) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C77 Epistemic Phase of a Physical Thing sdh:P65 is phase of (has phase) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C22 Physical Component sdh:P27 belongs to (has component) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C22 Physical Component sdh:P28 has part (is part of) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C27 Belonging to a Physical Collection sdh:P55 is about (belongs to) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C41 Relative Location of a Physical Thing sdh:P57 is inside or relative to (is location of) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C44 Physical Thing Quality sdh:P59 is quality of (has quality) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C45 Physical Displacement sdh:P60 moved from (was starting point of) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C45 Physical Displacement sdh:P61 moved to (was landing point of) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing
C45 Physical Displacement sdh:P62 displaces (is concerned by) E18 Physical Thing SDHSS Core ongoing

Incoming properties (inherited from ancestors)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E1 CRM Entity sdh:P10 time-independent entity association E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
E1 CRM Entity sdh:P18 is identifying component of range class (range class has identity defining component) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
E1 CRM Entity sdh:P2 domain class has identity defining component (is identity defining component of domain class) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
E1 CRM Entity sdh:P70 same resource in the world as (same as) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
E1 CRM Entity sdh:P71 could be the same entity as (inverse of could be the same entity as) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
E2 Temporal Entity sdh:P1 involves (is involved in) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
E5 Event crm:P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E7 Activity crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E7 Activity crm:P16 used specific object (was used for) E18 Physical Thing (is a E70) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E7 Activity crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E13 Attribute Assignment crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E13 Attribute Assignment crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E17 Type Assignment crm:P41 classified (was classified by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E31 Document crm:P70 documents (is documented in) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E32 Authority Document crm:P71 lists (is listed in) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E36 Visual Item crm:P138 represents (has representation) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E63 Beginning of Existence crm:P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E64 End of Existence crm:P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E70 Thing crm:P130 shows features of (features are also found on) E18 Physical Thing (is a E70) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E83 Type Creation crm:P136 was based on (supported type creation) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E89 Propositional Object crm:P129 is about (is subject of) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E89 Propositional Object crm:P67 refers to (is referred to by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
C11 Appellation in a Language sdh:P11 is appellation for language of (has appellation for language) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
C14 Holding of a Right or Obligation sdh-slc:P8 is subjection of (is subject to) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) SDHSS Social Life ongoing
C3 Epistemic Situation sdh:P91 involves (is involved in) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) SDHSS Core ongoing
C19 Legal Integration sdh-slc:P27 is integration of (is integrated by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Social Life ongoing
C23 Use sdh:P32 is use of (is used by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) SDHSS Core ongoing
C30 Connotation sdh:P39 is connotation of (has connotation) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
C27 Legal Fact sdh-slc:P52 is legal fact of (has legal fact) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) SDHSS Social Life ongoing
C76 Identification sdh:P98 is identification of (has identification) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
C29 Legal Quality Acquisition sdh-slc:P43 is acquisition by (acquires) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) SDHSS Social Life ongoing
C8 Intentional Composition sdh:P53 has intentional component (is component of) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
C8 Intentional Composition sdh:P54 is intentional component of (has intentional component) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS Core ongoing
C38 Presence of a Thing sdh-slc:P75 is presence of (is concerned by) E18 Physical Thing (is a E70) SDHSS Social Life ongoing
C60 Thing Involved in an Epistemic Situation sdh:P79 is involvement of (has involvement) E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) SDHSS Core ongoing
C66 Involvement of a Thing sdh:P85 concerned object (is involved in) E18 Physical Thing (is a E70) SDHSS Core ongoing
C15 Reference sdh-info:P23 refers to (is referred in) E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) SDHSS for Sources Information and Metadata ongoing

Profiles using this class

Label Version Status Last updated
test ongoing 1 Ongoing 2025-10-06
RiskMap ongoing 1 Ongoing 2024-05-22

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