Physical Thing – E18
E18 Physical Thing
Subclass of:
Superclass of:
Scope note:
This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, man-made or natural.
Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter.
An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a number of individually contiguous spacetime volumes equal to the number of unconnected objects that constitute the set.
We model E18 Physical Thing to be a subclass of E72 Legal Object and of E92 Spacetime volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance we can discuss the physical extent of an E18 Physical Thing without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E18 Physical Thing is matter while a spacetime volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded to be unique to it, due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing. Therefore this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.
The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states.
Examples:
- the Cullinan Diamond (E19)
- the cave “Ideon Andron” in Crete (E26)
- the Mona Lisa (E22)
In First Order Logic:
- E18(x) ⊃ E92(x)
- E18(x) ⊃ E72(x)
Outgoing properties:
- crm:P52 has current owner (is current owner of) → crm:E39 Actor
- crm:P59 has section (is located on or within) → crm:E53 Place
- crm:P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of) → crm:E53 Place
- crm:P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) → crm:E39 Actor
- crm-sup:P17 is composed of part of type (is type of part of) → crm:E55 Type
- crm:P58 has section definition (defines section) → crm:E46 Section Definition
- crm:P156 occupies (is occupied by) → crm:E53 Place
- crm:P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) → crm:E39 Actor
- crm:P46 is composed of (forms part of) → crm:E18 Physical Thing
- crm:P128 carries (is carried by) → crm:E90 Symbolic Object
- crm:P45 consists of (is incorporated in) → crm:E57 Material
- crm:P44 has condition (is condition of) → crm:E3 Condition State
- crm:P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) → crm:E39 Actor
Incoming properties:
- crm:E6 Destruction → crm:P13 destroyed (was destroyed by)
- crmdig:D2 Digitization Process → crmdig:L1 digitized (was digitized by)
- crm:E79 Part Addition → crm:P111 added (was added by)
- crm:E14 Condition Assessment → crm:P34 concerned (was assessed by)
- crm:E80 Part Removal → crm:P113 removed (was removed by)
- sdh:C27 Belonging to a collection → sdh:P55 is about (belongs to)
- sdh:C22 Physical Component → sdh:P27 belongs to (has component)
- frbroo:F29 Recording Event → frbroo:R65 recorded aspects of (had aspects recorded through)
- sdh:C19 Physical Thing Life → sdh:P26 is life of (has life)
- crm:E18 Physical Thing → crm:P46 is composed of (forms part of)
- sdh:C15 Geographical Location of a Physical Thing → sdh:P17 is location of (has location)
- crm:E4 Period → crm:P8 took place on or within (witnessed)
- crm:E8 Acquisition → crm:P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through)
- crm:E10 Transfer of Custody → crm:P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through)
- crm:E53 Place → crm:P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for)
- sdh:C22 Physical Component → sdh:P28 has part (is part of)
Scope notes
Show | Scope note | Language | Namespace | View details | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, man-made or natural. Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter. An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a number of individually contiguous spacetime volumes equal to the number of unconnected objects that constitute the set. We model E18 Physical Thing to be a subclass of E72 Legal Object and of E92 Spacetime volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance we can discuss the physical extent of an E18 Physical Thing without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E18 Physical Thing is matter while a spacetime volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded to be unique to it, due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing. Therefore this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language. The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states. | en | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | 0 |
Examples
Show | Example | Language | Namespace | View details | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
the Cullinan Diamond (E19) the cave “Ideon Andron” in Crete (E26) the Mona Lisa (E22) | en | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | 0 |
Additional notes
Show | Notes | Type | Language | Namespace | View details | Comments |
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Identifier : E18
Labels
Label | Language | Last updated | View details | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
Materielles * | de | 2021-06-10 | 0 | |
Υλικό Πράγμα * | el | 2021-06-10 | 0 | |
Physical Thing * | en | 2021-06-10 | 0 | |
Chose matérielle * | fr | 2021-06-10 | 0 | |
Coisa Material * | pt | 2021-06-10 | 0 | |
Физическая Вещь * | ru | 2021-06-10 | 0 | |
实体物 * | zh | 2021-06-10 | 0 |
* : Standard label for this language
Namespace
Namespace | Last updated |
---|---|
CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | 2021-06-10 |
Parent classes
Class | Class namespace | Relation defined in | Justification | View details | Edit | Delete | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E92 Spacetime Volume | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | 0 | ||||
E72 Legal Object | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | 0 |
Ancestor classes
Class | Depth | Class namespace | Via |
---|---|---|---|
E1 CRM Entity | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E92 |
E1 CRM Entity | 4 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E72 - E70 - E77 |
E70 Thing | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E72 |
E77 Persistent Item | 3 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E72 - E70 |
Thing | 3 | OntoME internal model - active version | E92 - C5 |
Thing | 3 | OntoME internal model - active version | E92 - E1 |
Thing | 5 | OntoME internal model - active version | E72 - E70 - E77 - E1 |
C5 Region | 2 | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing | E92 |
Child and descendant classes
Class | Depth | Class namespace | Via |
---|---|---|---|
E19 Physical Object | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | |
E20 Biological Object | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E19 |
E21 Person | 3 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E19 - E20 |
E22 Man-Made Object | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E19 |
E22 Man-Made Object | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E24 |
E24 Physical Man-Made Thing | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | |
E25 Man-Made Feature | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E24 |
E25 Man-Made Feature | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E26 |
E25 Man-Made Feature | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | S20 |
E26 Physical Feature | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | |
E27 Site | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E26 |
E27 Site | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | S20 |
E78 Collection | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E24 |
E84 Information Carrier | 3 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E19 - E22 |
E84 Information Carrier | 3 | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | E24 - E22 |
F4 Manifestation Singleton | 2 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E24 |
F5 Item | 5 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E19 - E22 - E84 - F54 |
F5 Item | 5 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E24 - E22 - E84 - F54 |
F7 Object | 1 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | |
F10 Person | 4 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E19 - E20 - E21 |
F53 Material Copy | 3 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E24 - E25 |
F53 Material Copy | 3 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E26 - E25 |
F53 Material Copy | 3 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | S20 - E25 |
F53 Material Copy | 5 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E19 - E22 - E84 - F54 |
F53 Material Copy | 5 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E24 - E22 - E84 - F54 |
F54 Utilized Information Carrier | 4 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E19 - E22 - E84 |
F54 Utilized Information Carrier | 4 | FRBRoo version 2.4 | E24 - E22 - E84 |
C13 Geographical Place | 2 | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing | E26 |
C17 Construction | 2 | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing | E24 |
D8 Digital Device | 3 | CRMdig version 3.2 | E19 - E22 |
D8 Digital Device | 3 | CRMdig version 3.2 | E24 - E22 |
D13 Digital Information Carrier | 4 | CRMdig version 3.2 | E19 - E22 - E84 |
D13 Digital Information Carrier | 4 | CRMdig version 3.2 | E24 - E22 - E84 |
D35 Area | 2 | CRMdig version 3.2 | E26 |
Related classes
Relation | Class | Class namespace | Justification | Relation defined in | View details | Edit | Delete | Comments |
---|
Outgoing properties (this class is domain)
Outgoing properties (inherited from ancestors)
Incoming properties (this class is range)
Domain | Property identifier | Range | Namespace |
---|---|---|---|
E4 Period | crm:P8 took place on or within (witnessed) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E6 Destruction | crm:P13 destroyed (was destroyed by) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E8 Acquisition | crm:P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E10 Transfer of Custody | crm:P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E14 Condition Assessment | crm:P34 concerned (was assessed by) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E18 Physical Thing | crm:P46 is composed of (forms part of) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E53 Place | crm:P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E79 Part Addition | crm:P111 added (was added by) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E80 Part Removal | crm:P113 removed (was removed by) | E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
C15 Geographical Location of a Physical Thing | sdh:P17 is location of (has location) | E18 Physical Thing | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
F29 Recording Event | frbroo:R65 recorded aspects of (had aspects recorded through) | E18 Physical Thing | FRBRoo version 2.4 |
C19 Physical Thing Life | sdh:P26 is life of (has life) | E18 Physical Thing | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
D2 Digitization Process | crmdig:L1 digitized (was digitized by) | E18 Physical Thing | CRMdig version 3.2 |
C22 Physical Component | sdh:P27 belongs to (has component) | E18 Physical Thing | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
C22 Physical Component | sdh:P28 has part (is part of) | E18 Physical Thing | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
C27 Belonging to a collection | sdh:P55 is about (belongs to) | E18 Physical Thing | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
Incoming properties (inherited from ancestors)
Domain | Property identifier | Range | Namespace |
---|---|---|---|
E1 CRM Entity | sdh:P10 time-independent entity association | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
E1 CRM Entity | sdh:P18 is identifying component of range class (range class has identity defining component) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
E1 CRM Entity | sdh:P2 domain class has identity defining component (is identity defining component of domain class) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
E2 Temporal Entity | sdh:P1 involves | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
E5 Event | crm:P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E7 Activity | crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E7 Activity | crm:P16 used specific object (was used for) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E70) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E7 Activity | crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E13 Attribute Assignment | crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E13 Attribute Assignment | crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E16 Measurement | crm:P39 measured (was measured by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E17 Type Assignment | crm:P41 classified (was classified by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E24 Physical Man-Made Thing | crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E31 Document | crm:P70 documents (is documented in) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E32 Authority Document | crm:P71 lists (is listed in) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E36 Visual Item | crm:P138 represents (has representation) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E63 Beginning of Existence | crm:P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E64 End of Existence | crm:P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E70 Thing | crm:P130 shows features of (features are also found on) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E70) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E81 Transformation | crm:P123 resulted in (resulted from) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E81 Transformation | crm:P124 transformed (was transformed by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E83 Type Creation | crm:P136 was based on (supported type creation) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E89 Propositional Object | crm:P129 is about (is subject of) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E89 Propositional Object | crm:P67 refers to (is referred to by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E92 Spacetime Volume | crm:P10 falls within (contains) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E92) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E92 Spacetime Volume | crm:P132 overlaps with | E18 Physical Thing (is a E92) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E92 Spacetime Volume | crm:P133 is separated from | E18 Physical Thing (is a E92) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
E93 Presence | crm:P166 was a presence of (had presence) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E92) | CIDOC CRM version 6.2 |
F35 Nomen Use Statement | frbroo:R38 refers to thema (is thema of) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | FRBRoo version 2.4 |
F40 Identifier Assignment | frbroo:R45 assigned to (was assigned by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | FRBRoo version 2.4 |
F51 Pursuit | frbroo:R59 had typical subject (was typical subject of) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | FRBRoo version 2.4 |
F52 Name Use Activity | frbroo:R63 named (was named by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | FRBRoo version 2.4 |
C11 Appellation in a Language | sdh:P11 is appellation for language of (has appellation for language) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
D2 Digitization Process | crmdig:L60 documents | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CRMdig version 3.2 |
D29 Annotation Object | crmdig:L43 annotates (is annotated by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | CRMdig version 3.2 |
C14 Holding of a Right or Obligation | sdh-so:P8 is subjection of (is subject to) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) | Social, legal and economic life (SDHSS) ongoing |
C19 Legal Integration | sdh-so:P27 is integration of (is integrated by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | Social, legal and economic life (SDHSS) ongoing |
C23 Use | sdh:P32 is use of (is used by) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
C30 Connotation | sdh:P39 is connotation of (has connotation) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | Top-Level CIDOC CRM Extension for Humanities and Social sciences (SDHSS) – ongoing |
C27 Legal Connotation | sdh-so:P52 is legal connotation of (has legal connotation) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E77) | Social, legal and economic life (SDHSS) ongoing |
C23 Identification | crm-sup:P18 is identification of (has identification) | E18 Physical Thing (is a E1) | SDHSS CIDOC CRM supplement – ongoing |
Profiles using this class
Label | Version | Status | Last updated |
---|---|---|---|
voeska model ongoing | 1 | Ongoing | 2021-09-10 |
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