Measurement – E16

E16 Measurement

Scope note:

This class comprises actions measuring quantitative physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic, objective procedure of direct observation of particular states of physical reality.

An instance of E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Methods and devices employed should be associated with instances of E16 Measurement by properties such as P33 used specific technique: E29 Design or Procedure, P125 used object of type: E55 Type, P16 used specific object (was used for): E70 Thing, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon-14 dating" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of): E55 Type. Details of methods and devices reused or reusable in other instances of E16 Measurement should be documented for these entities rather than the measurements themselves, whereas details of particular execution may be documented by free text or by instantiating adequate sub-activities, if the detail may be of interest for an overarching query.

Regardless whether a measurement is made by an instrument or by human senses, it represents the initial transition from physical reality to information without any other documented information object in between within the reasoning chain that would represent the result of the interaction of the observer or device with reality. Therefore, determining properties of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is regarded as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment, which may be inferred from observing and measuring representative carriers. In the case that the carrier can be named, the property P16 used specific object (was used for): should be used to indicate the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing that was used as the empirical basis for the attribute assignment. For instance, inferring properties of depicted items using image material, such as satellite images, is not regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement, but as a subsequent instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. Rather, only the production of the images, understood as arrays of radiation intensities, is regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement. The same reasoning holds for other sensor data.

Examples:

measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31st August 1997 (fictitious)

the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany, in 1995.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997)

In First Order Logic:

  • E16(x) ⇒ E13(x)

Scope notes

Show Scope note Language Namespace View details Comments
This class comprises actions measuring quantitative physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic, objective procedure of direct observation of particular states of physical reality. An instance of E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Methods and devices employed should be associated with instances of E16 Measurement by properties such as P33 used specific technique: E29 Design or Procedure, P125 used object of type: E55 Type, P16 used specific object (was used for): E70 Thing, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon-14 dating" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of): E55 Type. Details of methods and devices reused or reusable in other instances of E16 Measurement should be documented for these entities rather than the measurements themselves, whereas details of particular execution may be documented by free text or by instantiating adequate sub-activities, if the detail may be of interest for an overarching query.Regardless whether a measurement is made by an instrument or by human senses, it represents the initial transition from physical reality to information without any other documented information object in between within the reasoning chain that would represent the result of the interaction of the observer or device with reality. Therefore, determining properties of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is regarded as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment, which may be inferred from observing and measuring representative carriers. In the case that the carrier can be named, the property P16 used specific object (was used for): should be used to indicate the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing that was used as the empirical basis for the attribute assignment. For instance, inferring properties of depicted items using image material, such as satellite images, is not regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement, but as a subsequent instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. Rather, only the production of the images, understood as arrays of radiation intensities, is regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement. The same reasoning holds for other sensor data. en CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 0

Examples

Show Example Language Namespace View details Comments
measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31st August 1997 (fictitious) en CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 0
the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany, in 1995.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997) en CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 0

Additional notes

Show Notes Type Language Namespace View details Comments

Identifier: E16

Official URI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E16_Measurement
OntoME URI: https://ontome.net/ontology/c16

Labels

Label Language Last updated View details Comments
Messung de 2023-06-11 0
Μέτρηση el 2023-06-11 0
Measurement * en 2022-06-13 0
Mesurage fr 2023-06-11 0
Medição pt 2023-06-11 0
Событие Измерения ru 2023-06-11 0
测量 zh 2023-06-11 0

* : Standard label for this language

Namespace

Namespace Last updated
CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 2022-06-13
CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 2022-06-13
CIDOC CRM version 6.2 2021-06-10

Parent classes

Class Class namespace Relation defined in Justification View details Edit Delete Comments
E13 Attribute Assignment CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 0

Ancestor classes

Class Depth Class namespace Via
E1 CRM Entity 6 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2
E1 CRM Entity 6 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - C46 - C10 - C4 - C1 - E2
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92
E2 Temporal Entity 5 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - E7 - E5 - E4
E2 Temporal Entity 6 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4
E4 Period 4 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - E7 - E5
E4 Period 5 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - C46 - E7 - E5
E5 Event 3 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - E7
E5 Event 4 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - C46 - E7
E7 Activity 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13
E92 Spacetime Volume 5 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - E7 - E5 - E4
E92 Spacetime Volume 6 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4
C1 Entity Quality 5 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing E13 - C46 - C10 - C4
Thing 7 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2 - E1
Thing 7 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - C46 - C10 - C4 - C1 - E2 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2 - S15 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92 - C5 - E1
Thing 9 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - C46 - C10 - C4 - C1 - E2 - S15 - E1
Thing 9 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2 - S15 - E1
Thing 9 OntoME internal model - active version E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92 - C5 - E1
S15 Observable Entity 6 CRMsci version 1.2.3 E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2
S15 Observable Entity 7 CRMsci version 1.2.3 E13 - C46 - C10 - C4 - C1 - E2
S15 Observable Entity 7 CRMsci version 1.2.3 E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2
C5 Abstract Region 6 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92
C5 Abstract Region 7 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing E13 - C46 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92
C4 Intention 4 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing E13 - C46 - C10
C10 Intentional Event 3 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing E13 - C46
C46 Intentional Expression 2 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing E13

Child and descendant classes

Class Depth Class namespace Via
S3 Measurement by Sampling 2 CRMsci version 1.2.3 S21
S21 Measurement 1 CRMsci version 1.2.3
D2 Digitization Process 2 CRMdig version 3.2.1 D11
D11 Digital Measurement Event 1 CRMdig version 3.2.1

Related classes

Relation Class Class namespace Justification Relation defined in View details Edit Delete Comments

Outgoing properties (this class is domain)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E16 Measurement crm:P39 measured (was measured by) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement crm:P40 observed dimension (was observed in) E54 Dimension CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2

Outgoing properties (inherited from ancestors)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E16 Measurement (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P1 is identified by (identifies) E41 Appellation CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P2 has type (is type of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P3 has note E62 String CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of) E42 Identifier CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P4 has time-span (is time-span of) E52 Time-Span CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P173 starts before or with the end of (ends after or with the start of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P174 starts before the end of (ends after the start of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P175 starts before or with the start of (starts after or with the start of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P176 starts before the start of (starts after the start of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P182 ends before or with the start of (starts after or with the end of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P183 ends before the start of (starts after the end of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P184 ends before or with the end of (ends with or after the end of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E2 Temporal Entity) crm:P185 ends before the end of (ends after the end of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E4 Period) crm:P7 took place at (witnessed) E53 Place CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E4 Period) crm:P8 took place on or within (witnessed) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E4 Period) crm:P9 consists of (forms part of) E4 Period CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E5 Event) crm:P11 had participant (participated in) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E5 Event) crm:P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at) E77 Persistent Item CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P14 carried out by (performed) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) E1 CRM Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P16 used specific object (was used for) E70 Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) E1 CRM Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P19 was intended use of (was made for) E71 Human-Made Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) E5 Event CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P21 had general purpose (was purpose of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P32 used general technique (was technique of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P33 used specific technique (was used by) E29 Design or Procedure CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P125 used object of type (was type of object used in) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E7 Activity) crm:P134 continued (was continued by) E7 Activity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E13 Attribute Assignment) crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) E1 CRM Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E13 Attribute Assignment) crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) E1 CRM Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E13 Attribute Assignment) crm:P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E92 Spacetime Volume) crm:P10 falls within (contains) E92 Spacetime Volume CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E92 Spacetime Volume) crm:P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with E92 Spacetime Volume CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E92 Spacetime Volume) crm:P133 is spatiotemporally separated from E92 Spacetime Volume CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E92 Spacetime Volume) crm:P160 has temporal projection (is temporal projection of) E52 Time-Span CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a E92 Spacetime Volume) crm:P161 has spatial projection (is spatial projection of) E53 Place CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E16 Measurement (is a C1 Entity Quality) sdh:P23 has quality type (is quality type of) C20 Entity Quality Type SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
E16 Measurement (is a C4 Intention) sdh:P40 has context (is context of) C26 Representations SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
E16 Measurement (is a C10 Intentional Event) sdh:P3 effects (is the result of) C4 Intention SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
E16 Measurement (is a C10 Intentional Event) sdh:P4 ends (is ended by) C4 Intention SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
E16 Measurement (is a C10 Intentional Event) sdh:P45 has maximal projection in geographical space (is maximal projection of) C13 Geographical Place SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
E16 Measurement (is a C46 Intentional Expression) sdh:P48 has intentional expression identifying type (is identifying type of) C47 Intentional Expression Type SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing

Incoming properties (this class is range)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace

Incoming properties (inherited from ancestors)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P173 starts before or with the end of (ends after or with the start of) E16 Measurement (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P174 starts before the end of (ends after the start of) E16 Measurement (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P175 starts before or with the start of (starts after or with the start of) E16 Measurement (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P176 starts before the start of (starts after the start of) E16 Measurement (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P182 ends before or with the start of (starts after or with the end of) E16 Measurement (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P183 ends before the start of (starts after the end of) E16 Measurement (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P184 ends before or with the end of (ends with or after the end of) E16 Measurement (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P185 ends before the end of (ends after the end of) E16 Measurement (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E4 Period crm:P9 consists of (forms part of) E16 Measurement (is a E4) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E7 Activity crm:P134 continued (was continued by) E16 Measurement (is a E7) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E7 Activity crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E7 Activity crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E7 Activity crm:P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) E16 Measurement (is a E5) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E13 Attribute Assignment crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E13 Attribute Assignment crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E17 Type Assignment crm:P41 classified (was classified by) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E18 Physical Thing crm:P196 defines (is defined by) E16 Measurement (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E31 Document crm:P70 documents (is documented in) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E32 Authority Document crm:P71 lists (is listed in) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E36 Visual Item crm:P138 represents (has representation) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E83 Type Creation crm:P136 was based on (supported type creation) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E89 Propositional Object crm:P129 is about (is subject of) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E89 Propositional Object crm:P67 refers to (is referred to by) E16 Measurement (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E92 Spacetime Volume crm:P10 falls within (contains) E16 Measurement (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E92 Spacetime Volume crm:P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with E16 Measurement (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E92 Spacetime Volume crm:P133 is spatiotemporally separated from E16 Measurement (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
E93 Presence crm:P166 was a presence of (had presence) E16 Measurement (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2
S4 Observation crmsci:O8 observed (was observed by) E16 Measurement (is a S15) CRMsci version 1.2.3
S6 Data Evaluation crmsci:O11 described (was described by) E16 Measurement (is a S15) CRMsci version 1.2.3
S21 Measurement crmsci:O24 measured (was measured by) E16 Measurement (is a S15) CRMsci version 1.2.3
C2 Intentional Situation sdh:P51 is interpretation of (is interpreted by) E16 Measurement (is a C10) SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
C9 Intentional Entity sdh:P7 has intention (is intention of) E16 Measurement (is a C4) SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
C10 Intentional Event sdh:P3 effects (is the result of) E16 Measurement (is a C4) SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
C10 Intentional Event sdh:P4 ends (is ended by) E16 Measurement (is a C4) SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
C35 Actor's quality in relation to an event sdh-so:P60 is quality in relation to intentional event (has related actor's quality) E16 Measurement (is a C10) SDHSS Social, legal and economic life ongoing
E95 Spacetime Primitive crm:P169 defines spacetime volume (spacetime volume is defined by) E16 Measurement (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2

Profiles using this class

Label Version Status Last updated
HisArc-RDF 1 Ongoing 2021-09-29
Silknow generic 1 Ongoing 2021-06-15
Silknow working profile 1 Ongoing 2021-06-10

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