Observation – S4

S4 Observation

Scope note:

This class comprises the activity of gaining scientific knowledge about particular states of physical reality through empirical evidence, experiments and measurements.

We define observation in the sense of natural sciences, as a kind of human activity: at some place and within some time-span, certain physical things and their behavior and interactions are observed by human sensory impression, and often enhanced by tools and measurement devices.

Observed situations or dimensions may pertain to properties confined to a single instance of S15 Observable Entity or pertain to constellations of multiple instances and relations between them, in particular distances between them.

The output of the internal processes of measurement devices that do not require additional human interaction are in general regarded as part of the observation and not as additional inference. Primary data from measurement devices are regarded in this model to be results of observation and can be interpreted as propositions believed to be true within the (known) tolerances and degree of reliability of the device.

Measurements and witnessing of events are special cases of observations. Observations result in a belief that certain propositions held at a time within the time-span of the observation. In this model, the degree of confidence in the observed properties is regarded to be “true” by default, but could be described differently by adding a property P3 has note to an instance of S4 Observation

Examples:

  • the excavation of unit XI by the Archaeological Institute of Crete in 2004 (S4).
  • the excavation (S4) in the NE section of the central court of the Knossos palace by the Ephorate of Antiquities of Heraklion in 1997 (S4) (Επιστημονική Επιτροπή Κνωσού, 2008).
  • the observation of the density of the X-Ray image of cupid's head from the painting ‘Cupid complaining to Venus’ as ‘high density’, on the 19th of March 1963 (S4) (The National Gallery, London, 1963).
  • the observation of visible light absorption of the painting ‘Cupid complaining to Venus’ as ‘having red pigment’, in 2015 (S4) (Foister, 2015).

In First Order Logic:

  • S4(x) ⇒ E13(x)

Scope notes

Examples

Additional notes

Identifier: S4

Official URI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/CRMsci/S4_Observation
OntoME URI: https://ontome.net/ontology/c369

Labels

* : Standard label for this language

Namespace

Parent classes

Ancestor classes

Child and descendant classes

Related classes

Outgoing properties (this class is domain)

Outgoing properties (inherited from ancestors)

Incoming properties (this class is range)

Incoming properties (inherited from ancestors)

Profiles using this class

Linked classes graph

Use mouse wheel to zoom in/out.

Comments