Position Determination – S23

S23 Position Determination

Scope note:

This class comprises activities of determining positions in space and time. The determined position is intended to approximate a part or all of the extent of the presence (instance of E93 Presence) of an instance of E18 Physical Thing or E4 Period of interest, such as the outer walls of an excavated settlement, the position of a ship sailing or the start and end of athlete's run in a competition. Characteristically, a theodolite or GPS device may be positioned on some persistent feature. Determining the position of the device will yield an approximation of the position of the feature of interest. Alternatively, some material item may be observed moving through a determined position at a given time.

This class does not inherit properties from class S21 Measurement. A position determination is an evaluation of a combination of measurement of multiple associated distances and/or angles (instances of E54 Dimension) from a particular spot to certain reference points of previously known position in the same reference space. A particular role is played by the Earth's magnetic field and rotational axis as reference for an angle or direction. Often, the observed constituting dimensions are not documented, or hidden in an electronic device software. The determined position is given as an E94 Space Primitive corresponding to a declarative place. Together with the measured time-span covering the time-critical observations it forms a spacetime volume, which should normally overlap with the spatiotemporal extent of the thing or phenomenon of interest.

Examples:

  • the determination of the position of the Titanic for the initial distress call after hitting an iceberg (S23) [The iceberg was hit on 14 April 1912 at 23:40 ship’s time. The subsequent position determination was likely done by Capt. Edward Smith and was transmitted 15 April 1912 at 00:27.] (Halpern, 2011).
  • the determination of the position of the Titanic by officer Joseph G. Boxhall after the initial distress signal was sent (S23) [done between 00:27 and 00:35, when Boxhall showed the coordinates to Smith] (Halpern, 2011).
  • the determination of the position of the Titanic by Robert Ballard's team after the Titanic ship-wreck was found (S23) (Ballard et al., 1987).
  • Samuel Halpern’s 2007 determination of the position of the Titanic at the time of the collision (S23) [based on the position of the ship-wreck] (Halpern, 2007).

In First Order Logic:

  • S23(x) ⇒ S4(x)

Scope notes

Show Scope note Language Namespace View details Comments
This class comprises activities of determining positions in space and time. The determined position is intended to approximate a part or all of the extent of the presence (instance of E93 Presence) of an instance of E18 Physical Thing or E4 Period of interest, such as the outer walls of an excavated settlement, the position of a ship sailing or the start and end of athlete's run in a competition. Characteristically, a theodolite or GPS device may be positioned on some persistent feature. Determining the position of the device will yield an approximation of the position of the feature of interest. Alternatively, some material item may be observed moving through a determined position at a given time. This class does not inherit properties from class S21 Measurement. A position determination is an evaluation of a combination of measurement of multiple associated distances and/or angles (instances of E54 Dimension) from a particular spot to certain reference points of previously known position in the same reference space. A particular role is played by the Earth's magnetic field and rotational axis as reference for an angle or direction. Often, the observed constituting dimensions are not documented, or hidden in an electronic device software. The determined position is given as an E94 Space Primitive corresponding to a declarative place. Together with the measured time-span covering the time-critical observations it forms a spacetime volume, which should normally overlap with the spatiotemporal extent of the thing or phenomenon of interest. en CRMsci version 2.0 0

Examples

Show Example Language Namespace View details Comments
the determination of the position of the Titanic for the initial distress call after hitting an iceberg (S23) [The iceberg was hit on 14 April 1912 at 23:40 ship’s time. The subsequent position determination was likely done by Capt. Edward Smith and was transmitted 15 April 1912 at 00:27.] (Halpern, 2011). the determination of the position of the Titanic by officer Joseph G. Boxhall after the initial distress signal was sent (S23) [done between 00:27 and 00:35, when Boxhall showed the coordinates to Smith] (Halpern, 2011). the determination of the position of the Titanic by Robert Ballard's team after the Titanic ship-wreck was found (S23) (Ballard et al., 1987). Samuel Halpern’s 2007 determination of the position of the Titanic at the time of the collision (S23) [based on the position of the ship-wreck] (Halpern, 2007). en CRMsci version 2.0 0

Additional notes

Show Notes Type Language Namespace View details Comments

Identifier: S23

Official URI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/CRMsci/S23_Position_Measurement
OntoME URI: https://ontome.net/ontology/c1060

Labels

Label Language Last updated View details Comments
Position Determination * en 2023-09-21 0

* : Standard label for this language

Namespace

Namespace Last updated
CRMsci version 2.0 2022-09-13

Parent classes

Class Class namespace Relation defined in Justification View details Edit Delete Comments
S4 Observation CRMsci version 2.0 CRMsci version 2.0 0

Ancestor classes

Class Depth Class namespace Via
E1 CRM Entity 6 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4 - E13 - E7 - E5 - S15
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4 - E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4 - E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92
E2 Temporal Entity 6 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4 - E13 - E7 - E5 - E4
E4 Period 5 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4 - E13 - E7 - E5
E5 Event 4 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4 - E13 - E7
E7 Activity 3 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4 - E13
E13 Attribute Assignment 2 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4
E92 Spacetime Volume 6 CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3 S4 - E13 - E7 - E5 - E4
Thing 7 OntoME internal model - active version S4 - E13 - E7 - E5 - S15 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version S4 - E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E2 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version S4 - E13 - E7 - E5 - E4 - E92 - E1
S15 Observable Entity 5 CRMsci version 2.0 S4 - E13 - E7 - E5

Child and descendant classes

Class Depth Class namespace Via

Related classes

Relation Class Class namespace Justification Relation defined in View details Edit Delete Comments

Outgoing properties (this class is domain)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
S23 Position Determination crmsci:O30 determined position (was determined by) E94 Space Primitive CRMsci version 2.0
S23 Position Determination crmsci:O31 has validity time-span (is time-span validity for) E52 Time-Span CRMsci version 2.0
S23 Position Determination crmsci:O32 determined position of (was located by) S15 Observable Entity CRMsci version 2.0

Outgoing properties (inherited from ancestors)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
S23 Position Determination (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P1 is identified by (identifies) E41 Appellation CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P2 has type (is type of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P3 has note E62 String CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of) E42 Identifier CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E1 CRM Entity ) crm:P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P4 has time-span (is time-span of) E52 Time-Span CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P173 starts before or with the end of (ends after or with the start of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P174 starts before the end of (ends after the start of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P175 starts before or with the start of (starts after or with the start of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P176 starts before the start of (starts after the start of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P182 ends before or with the start of (starts after or with the end of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P183 ends before the start of (starts after the end of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P184 ends before or with the end of (ends with or after the end of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E2 Temporal Entity ) crm:P185 ends before the end of (ends after the end of) E2 Temporal Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E4 Period ) crm:P7 took place at (witnessed) E53 Place CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E4 Period ) crm:P8 took place on or within (witnessed) E18 Physical Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E4 Period ) crm:P9 consists of (forms part of) E4 Period CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E5 Event ) crm:P11 had participant (participated in) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E5 Event ) crm:P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at) E77 Persistent Item CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E5 Event ) crmsci:O13 triggered (was triggered by) E5 Event CRMsci version 2.0
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P14 carried out by (performed) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) E1 CRM Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P16 used specific object (was used for) E70 Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) E1 CRM Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P19 was intended use of (was made for) E71 Human-Made Thing CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) E5 Event CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P21 had general purpose (was purpose of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P32 used general technique (was technique of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P33 used specific technique (was used by) E29 Design or Procedure CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P125 used object of type (was type of object used in) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E7 Activity ) crm:P134 continued (was continued by) E7 Activity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E13 Attribute Assignment ) crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) E1 CRM Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E13 Attribute Assignment ) crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) E1 CRM Entity CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E13 Attribute Assignment ) crm:P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E92 Spacetime Volume ) crm:P10 falls within (contains) E92 Spacetime Volume CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E92 Spacetime Volume ) crm:P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with E92 Spacetime Volume CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E92 Spacetime Volume ) crm:P133 is spatiotemporally separated from E92 Spacetime Volume CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E92 Spacetime Volume ) crm:P160 has temporal projection (is temporal projection of) E52 Time-Span CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a E92 Spacetime Volume ) crm:P161 has spatial projection (is spatial projection of) E53 Place CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination (is a S4 Observation ) crmsci:O8 observed (was observed by) S15 Observable Entity CRMsci version 2.0
S23 Position Determination (is a S4 Observation ) crmsci:O9 observed property type (property type was observed by) S9 Property Type CRMsci version 2.0
S23 Position Determination (is a S4 Observation ) crmsci:O16 observed value (value was observed by) E1 CRM Entity CRMsci version 2.0
S23 Position Determination (is a S15 Observable Entity ) crmsci:O12 has dimension (is dimension of) E54 Dimension CRMsci version 2.0

Incoming properties (this class is range)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace

Incoming properties (inherited from ancestors)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P173 starts before or with the end of (ends after or with the start of) S23 Position Determination (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P174 starts before the end of (ends after the start of) S23 Position Determination (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P175 starts before or with the start of (starts after or with the start of) S23 Position Determination (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P176 starts before the start of (starts after the start of) S23 Position Determination (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P182 ends before or with the start of (starts after or with the end of) S23 Position Determination (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P183 ends before the start of (starts after the end of) S23 Position Determination (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P184 ends before or with the end of (ends with or after the end of) S23 Position Determination (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E2 Temporal Entity crm:P185 ends before the end of (ends after the end of) S23 Position Determination (is a E2) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E4 Period crm:P9 consists of (forms part of) S23 Position Determination (is a E4) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E5 Event crmsci:O13 triggered (was triggered by) S23 Position Determination (is a E5) CRMsci version 2.0
E7 Activity crm:P134 continued (was continued by) S23 Position Determination (is a E7) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E7 Activity crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E7 Activity crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E7 Activity crm:P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) S23 Position Determination (is a E5) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E13 Attribute Assignment crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E13 Attribute Assignment crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E17 Type Assignment crm:P41 classified (was classified by) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E18 Physical Thing crm:P196 defines (is defined by) S23 Position Determination (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E31 Document crm:P70 documents (is documented in) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E32 Authority Document crm:P71 lists (is listed in) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E36 Visual Item crm:P138 represents (has representation) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E83 Type Creation crm:P136 was based on (supported type creation) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E89 Propositional Object crm:P129 is about (is subject of) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E89 Propositional Object crm:P67 refers to (is referred to by) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E92 Spacetime Volume crm:P10 falls within (contains) S23 Position Determination (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E92 Spacetime Volume crm:P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with S23 Position Determination (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E92 Spacetime Volume crm:P133 is spatiotemporally separated from S23 Position Determination (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
E93 Presence crm:P166 was a presence of (had presence) S23 Position Determination (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S4 Observation crmsci:O16 observed value (value was observed by) S23 Position Determination (is a E1) CRMsci version 2.0
S4 Observation crmsci:O8 observed (was observed by) S23 Position Determination (is a S15) CRMsci version 2.0
S6 Data Evaluation crmsci:O11 described (was described by) S23 Position Determination (is a S15) CRMsci version 2.0
S21 Measurement crmsci:O24 measured (was measured by) S23 Position Determination (is a S15) CRMsci version 2.0
S22 Segment of Matter crmsci:O23 is defined by (defines) S23 Position Determination (is a E92) CRMsci version 2.0
E95 Spacetime Primitive crm:P169 defines spacetime volume (spacetime volume is defined by) S23 Position Determination (is a E92) CIDOC CRM version 7.1.3
S23 Position Determination crmsci:O32 determined position of (was located by) S23 Position Determination (is a S15) CRMsci version 2.0

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