Subclass of:

• crm:E6 Destruction
• crmsci:S4 Observation
• crmsci:S1 Matter Removal

Scope note:

This class comprises activities of excavating in the sense of archaeology which are documented as a coherent set of actions of progressively recording and removing matter from a pre-specified location under specific rules. Typically, an excavation process unit would be terminated if significant discontinuities of substance or finds come to light, or if the activity should be interrupted due to external factors, such as end of a working day. In other cases, the termination would be based on predefined physical specifications, such as the boundaries of a maximal volume of matter intended to be excavated in one unit of excavation.

Depending on the methodology, an instance of A1 Excavation Process Unit may intend to remove matter only within the boundaries of a particular stratigraphic unit, or it may follow a pre-declared spatial extent such as a trench. It may only uncover, clean or expose a structure or parts of it.

The process of excavation results in the production of a set of recorded (documentation) data that should be sufficient to provide researchers enough information regarding the consistence and spatial distribution of the excavated Segment of Matter and things and features embedded in it. Some parts or all of the removed physical material (S11 Amount of Matter) may be dispersed, whereas others may be kept in custody in the form of finds or samples, while others (such as parts of walls) may be left at the place of their discovery. The data produced by an instance of excavation process unit should pertain to the material state of matter at excavation time only and should well be distinguished from subsequent interpretation about the causes for this state of matter.

Examples:

• The activity taking place on 21.9.2007 between 12:00 and 13:00 that excavated the Stratigraphic Volume Unit (2) of Figure 4 and created the surface S1
• The activity that excavated the first 20 cm of a spit excavation on 21.7.2007 created the surface S2 in Figure 4.

In First Order Logic:

• A1(x) ⇒ E6(x)
• A1(x) ⇒ S4(x)
• A1(x) ⇒ S1(x)

Outgoing properties:

• crmarc:AP1 produced (was produced by) (0,1:0,n) → crmsci:S11 Amount of Matter
• crmarc:AP2 discarded into (was discarded by) (0,1:0,n) → crmsci:S11 Amount of Matter
• crmarc:AP3 excavated (was excavated by) (0,1:0,n) → crm:E53 Place
• crmarc:AP4 produced surface (was surface produced by) (0,1:0,n) → crmsci:S20 Physical Feature
• crmarc:AP5 removed part or all of (was partially or totally removed by) (0,1:0,n) → crmarc:A8 Stratigraphic Unit
• crmarc:AP6 intended to approximate (was approximated by) (0,1:0,n) → crmarc:A3 Stratigraphic Interface
• crmarc:AP10 destroyed (was destroyed by) (0,1:0,n) → crmsci:S22 Segment of Matter