Group – E74

E74 Group

Scope note:

This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of two or more people that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country.

A gathering of people becomes an E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modeled as membership in an E74 Group (cf. HumanML markup). Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group.

Examples:

the impressionists

the Navajo

the Greeks

the peace protestors in New York City on February 15 2003

Exxon-Mobil

King Solomon and his wives

The President of the Swiss Confederation

Context notes:

In the Descriptions and Situations ontology the Group class is conceptualized as an  "Intentional collective [i.e.] a knowledge community that is unified by a plan shared by member agents.". (Gangemi Aldo, « Norms and plans as unification criteria for social collectives. », Auton. Agents Multi Agent Syst. 17 (1), 2008, pp. 70‑112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-008-9038-9. )

Porello et al. analyse some foundational aspects of groups and group agency to conclude that groups are based on membership norms shared by the participants and that group agency furthermore demands acknowledgment of formal procedures to take decisions by delegation of other members (Porello Daniele, Bottazzi Emanuele et Ferrario Roberta, « The Ontology of Group Agency. », in: Formal Ontology in Information Systems-Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference, FOIS 2014, September, 22-25, 2014, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2014, pp. 183‑196, https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-438-1-183).

In the SDHSS ontology ecosystem, the ontological substance of a group is considered to lie in the representations of the members of the group that share a plan, however rudimentary, and accept to integrate their individual agency into the group in order to realize collective agency, even if in a very informal way. The specific roles of individuals or sub-groups (e.g. steering comittee, president, etc.) will be expressed using the sdh-so:C13 Social Role Embodiment class.

 

In First Order Logic:

  • E74(x) ⇒ E39(x)
  • E74(x) ⇒ C40(x)
  • E74(x) ⇒ C25(x)

Scope notes

Show Scope note Language Namespace View details Comments
This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of two or more people that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. A gathering of people becomes an E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modeled as membership in an E74 Group (cf. HumanML markup). Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group. en CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0

Examples

Show Example Language Namespace View details Comments
the impressionists en CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0
the Navajo en CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0
the Greeks en CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0
the peace protestors in New York City on February 15 2003 en CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0
Exxon-Mobil en CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0
King Solomon and his wives en CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0
The President of the Swiss Confederation en CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0

Additional notes

Show Notes Type Language Namespace View details Comments
In the Descriptions and Situations ontology the Group class is conceptualized as an  "Intentional collective [i.e.] a knowledge community that is unified by a plan shared by member agents.". (Gangemi Aldo, « Norms and plans as unification criteria for social collectives. », Auton. Agents Multi Agent Syst. 17 (1), 2008, pp. 70‑112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-008-9038-9. ) Porello et al. analyse some foundational aspects of groups and group agency to conclude that groups are based on membership norms shared by the participants and that group agency furthermore demands acknowledgment of formal procedures to take decisions by delegation of other members (Porello Daniele, Bottazzi Emanuele et Ferrario Roberta, « The Ontology of Group Agency. », in: Formal Ontology in Information Systems-Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference, FOIS 2014, September, 22-25, 2014, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2014, pp. 183‑196, https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-438-1-183). In the SDHSS ontology ecosystem, the ontological substance of a group is considered to lie in the representations of the members of the group that share a plan, however rudimentary, and accept to integrate their individual agency into the group in order to realize collective agency, even if in a very informal way. The specific roles of individuals or sub-groups (e.g. steering comittee, president, etc.) will be expressed using the sdh-so:C13 Social Role Embodiment class.   Context note en SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing 0

Identifier: E74

Official URI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E74_Group
OntoME URI: https://ontome.net/ontology/c68

Labels

Label Language Last updated View details Comments
Menschliche Gruppe de 2023-06-05 0
Ομάδα el 2023-06-05 0
Group en 2022-06-13 0
Groupe fr 2023-06-05 0
Grupo pt 2023-06-05 0
Группа ru 2023-06-05 0

* : Standard label for this language

Namespace

Namespace Last updated
CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 2022-06-13
CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 2022-06-13
CIDOC CRM version 6.2 2021-06-10

Parent classes

Class Class namespace Relation defined in Justification View details Edit Delete Comments
E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 0
C40 Intentional Collection SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing 0
C25 Intentional Collective SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing 0

Ancestor classes

Class Depth Class namespace Via
E1 CRM Entity 3 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 E39 - E77
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C25 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70 - E77
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C25 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70 - E77
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C40 - C32 - E28 - E71 - E70 - E77
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 E39 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70 - E77
E1 CRM Entity 7 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 E39 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70 - E77
E70 Thing 5 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C25 - C9 - E18 - E72
E70 Thing 5 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C40 - C32 - E28 - E71
E70 Thing 5 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 E39 - C9 - E18 - E72
E71 Human-Made Thing 4 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C40 - C32 - E28
E71 Man-Made Thing 4 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C40 - C32 - E28
E72 Legal Object 4 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C25 - C9 - E18
E72 Legal Object 4 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 E39 - C9 - E18
E77 Persistent Item 2 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 E39
E77 Persistent Item 6 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C25 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70
E77 Persistent Item 6 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C25 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70
E77 Persistent Item 6 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 C40 - C32 - E28 - E71 - E70
E77 Persistent Item 6 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 E39 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70
E77 Persistent Item 6 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 E39 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70
Thing 4 OntoME internal model - active version E39 - E77 - E1
Thing 5 OntoME internal model - active version E39 - E77 - S15 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version C25 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70 - E77 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version C25 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70 - E77 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version C40 - C32 - E28 - E71 - E70 - E77 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version E39 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70 - E77 - E1
Thing 8 OntoME internal model - active version E39 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70 - E77 - E1
Thing 9 OntoME internal model - active version C25 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70 - E77 - S15 - E1
Thing 9 OntoME internal model - active version C25 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70 - E77 - S15 - E1
Thing 9 OntoME internal model - active version C40 - C32 - E28 - E71 - E70 - E77 - S15 - E1
Thing 9 OntoME internal model - active version E39 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70 - E77 - S15 - E1
Thing 9 OntoME internal model - active version E39 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70 - E77 - S15 - E1
S10 Material Substantial 4 CRMsci version 1.2.3 C25 - C9 - E18
S10 Material Substantial 4 CRMsci version 1.2.3 E39 - C9 - E18
S15 Observable Entity 3 CRMsci version 1.2.3 E39 - E77
S15 Observable Entity 7 CRMsci version 1.2.3 C25 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70 - E77
S15 Observable Entity 7 CRMsci version 1.2.3 C25 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70 - E77
S15 Observable Entity 7 CRMsci version 1.2.3 C40 - C32 - E28 - E71 - E70 - E77
S15 Observable Entity 7 CRMsci version 1.2.3 E39 - C9 - E18 - E72 - E70 - E77
S15 Observable Entity 7 CRMsci version 1.2.3 E39 - C9 - E18 - S10 - E70 - E77
C32 Abstract individual 2 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing C40
C9 Intentional Entity 2 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing C25
C9 Intentional Entity 2 SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing E39

Child and descendant classes

Class Depth Class namespace Via
E40 Legal Body 1 CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
F11 Corporate Body 1 FRBRoo version 2.4
F39 Family 1 FRBRoo version 2.4
F44 Bibliographic Agency 2 FRBRoo version 2.4 E40

Related classes

Relation Class Class namespace Justification Relation defined in View details Edit Delete Comments

Outgoing properties (this class is domain)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E74 Group crm:P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4

Outgoing properties (inherited from ancestors)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E74 Group (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P1 is identified by (identifies) E41 Appellation CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P2 has type (is type of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P3 has note E62 String CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of) E42 Identifier CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E1 CRM Entity) crm:P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E39 Actor) crm:P74 has current or former residence (is current or former residence of) E53 Place CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E39 Actor) crm:P75 possesses (is possessed by) E30 Right CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E39 Actor) crm:P76 has contact point (provides access to) E51 Contact Point CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E39 Actor) crm:P131 is identified by (identifies) E82 Actor Appellation CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E70 Thing) crm:P43 has dimension (is dimension of) E54 Dimension CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E70 Thing) crm:P101 had as general use (was use of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E70 Thing) crm:P130 shows features of (features are also found on) E70 Thing CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E71 Man-Made Thing) crm:P102 has title (is title of) E35 Title CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E71 Man-Made Thing) crm:P103 was intended for (was intention of) E55 Type CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E72 Legal Object) crm:P104 is subject to (applies to) E30 Right CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a E72 Legal Object) crm:P105 right held by (has right on) E39 Actor CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group (is a C9 Intentional Entity) sdh:P7 has intention (is intention of) C4 Intention SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
E74 Group (is a C9 Intentional Entity) sdh:P50 shares (is shared by) C37 Sharing a Plan SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing

Incoming properties (this class is range)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E66 Formation crm:P95 has formed (was formed by) E74 Group CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E68 Dissolution crm:P99 dissolved (was dissolved by) E74 Group CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E85 Joining crm:P144 joined with (gained member by) E74 Group CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E86 Leaving crm:P146 separated from (lost member by) E74 Group CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4

Incoming properties (inherited from ancestors)

Domain Property identifier Range Namespace
E5 Event crm:P11 had participant (participated in) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E5 Event crm:P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at) E74 Group (is a E77) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E7 Activity crm:P14 carried out by (performed) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E7 Activity crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E7 Activity crm:P16 used specific object (was used for) E74 Group (is a E70) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E7 Activity crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E7 Activity crm:P19 was intended use of (was made for) E74 Group (is a E71) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E8 Acquisition crm:P22 transferred title to (acquired title through) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E8 Acquisition crm:P23 transferred title from (surrendered title through) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E10 Transfer of Custody crm:P28 custody surrendered by (surrendered custody through) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E10 Transfer of Custody crm:P29 custody received by (received custody through) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E13 Attribute Assignment crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E13 Attribute Assignment crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E16 Measurement crm:P39 measured (was measured by) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E17 Type Assignment crm:P41 classified (was classified by) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E18 Physical Thing crm:P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E18 Physical Thing crm:P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E18 Physical Thing crm:P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E18 Physical Thing crm:P52 has current owner (is current owner of) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E24 Physical Man-Made Thing crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E31 Document crm:P70 documents (is documented in) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E32 Authority Document crm:P71 lists (is listed in) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E36 Visual Item crm:P138 represents (has representation) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E63 Beginning of Existence crm:P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by) E74 Group (is a E77) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E64 End of Existence crm:P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by) E74 Group (is a E77) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E70 Thing crm:P130 shows features of (features are also found on) E74 Group (is a E70) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E72 Legal Object crm:P105 right held by (has right on) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E74 Group crm:P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E78 Collection crm:P109 has current or former curator (is current or former curator of) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E81 Transformation crm:P123 resulted in (resulted from) E74 Group (is a E77) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E81 Transformation crm:P124 transformed (was transformed by) E74 Group (is a E77) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E83 Type Creation crm:P136 was based on (supported type creation) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E85 Joining crm:P143 joined (was joined by) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E86 Leaving crm:P145 separated (left by) E74 Group (is a E39) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E89 Propositional Object crm:P129 is about (is subject of) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
E89 Propositional Object crm:P67 refers to (is referred to by) E74 Group (is a E1) CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4
S1 Matter Removal crmsci:O1 diminished (was diminished by) E74 Group (is a S10) CRMsci version 1.2.3
S2 Sample Taking crmsci:O3 sampled from (was sample by) E74 Group (is a S10) CRMsci version 1.2.3
S4 Observation crmsci:O8 observed (was observed by) E74 Group (is a S15) CRMsci version 1.2.3
S6 Data Evaluation crmsci:O11 described (was described by) E74 Group (is a S15) CRMsci version 1.2.3
S21 Measurement crmsci:O24 measured (was measured by) E74 Group (is a S15) CRMsci version 1.2.3
C23 Use sdh:P30 is use by (makes use of) E74 Group (is a C9) SDHSS Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences CIDOC CRM Extension ongoing
C12 Dedication sdh-int:P24 has conceptual dedicatee (is conceptual dedicatee of) E74 Group (is a C32) SDHSS Intellectual and Literary Life ongoing

Profiles using this class

Label Version Status Last updated
Professional life 1 Ongoing 2021-06-10
Social and legal qualities of a person 1 Ongoing 2021-06-10
Groups and organizations ongoing 1 Ongoing 2021-07-01
Geovistory Generic Historical Information Profile 1 Ongoing 2021-06-10
Silknow working profile 1 Ongoing 2021-06-10
Interactions, Social Relationships and Memberships of Persons 1 Ongoing 2021-06-10
Silknow generic 1 Ongoing 2021-06-15

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