Subclass of:

• crm:E11 Modification
• crm:E63 Beginning of Existence

Scope note:

This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items.

It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one.

This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event.

An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.

Examples:

the construction of the SS Great Britain

the first casting of the Little Mermaid from the harbour of Copenhagen

Rembrandt’s creating of the seventh state of his etching “Woman sitting half dressed beside a stove”, 1658, identified by Bartsch Number 197 (E12,E65,E81)

In First Order Logic:

• E12(x) ⇒ E11(x)
• E12(x) ⇒ E63(x)

Outgoing properties:

• crm:P108 has produced (was produced by) (1,1:1,n) → crm:E24 Physical Man-Made Thing