Physical Human-Made Thing – E24
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing
Subclass of:
Scope note:
This class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, Human-Made objects, such as a sword, and Human-Made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.
Instances of Human-Made thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even Human-Made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation.
Whereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new Human-Made thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as physical Human-Made things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it Human-Made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of a physical Human-Made thing may continue to be non-Human-Made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop.
Examples:
the Forth Railway Bridge (Shipway, Bouch, Baker and Fowler, 1990).
the Channel Tunnel (E25) (Holliday, Marcou and Vickerman, 1991)
the Palace of Knossos (Evans, 1921)
the Colosseum in Rome, Italy (Hopkins and Beard, 2011)
the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78) (Georgoula, 2005)
the Rosetta Stone (E22)
my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment (E22) (fictitious)
the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM v.3.2 (E22)
my empty DVD disk (E22) (fictitious)
In First Order Logic:
- E24(x) ⇒ E18(x)
- E24(x) ⇒ E71(x)
Outgoing properties:
- crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) (0,n:0,n) → crm:E1 CRM Entity
- crm:P65 shows visual item (is shown by) (0,n:0,n) → crm:E36 Visual Item
Incoming properties:
Scope notes
| Show | Scope note | Language | Namespace | View details | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, Human-Made objects, such as a sword, and Human-Made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.Instances of Human-Made thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even Human-Made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation.Whereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new Human-Made thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as physical Human-Made things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it Human-Made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of a physical Human-Made thing may continue to be non-Human-Made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop. | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| Cette classe comprend toutes les entités physiques persistantes de n'importe quelle taille qui sont créées volontairement par l'activité humaine. Cette classe comprend, entre autres, des instances de E22_Objet_élaboré_par_l'humain, comme une épée, ainsi que des instances de E25_Caractéristique_élaborée_par_l'humain, comme une œuvre d'art rupestre. Par exemple, une « cupule » gravée dans un substrat rocheux est considérée comme une instance de E24_Chose_matérielle_élaborée_par_l'humain.Les instances de E71_Chose_élaborée_par_l'humain peuvent être le résultat de la modification de choses matérielles préexistantes, tant que de grandes parties ou la majorité de la matière originale et de la structure sont préservées. [n.d.t. Le fait que ces instances peuvent provenir d'une modification] soulève la question de savoir si elles sont nouvelles ou même élaborées par l'humain. [n.d.t. Afin de déterminer s'il s'agit effectivement d'une nouvelle instance de E24_Chose_matérielle_élaborée_par_l'humain, il faut que] les interventions de production sur ce matériau d'origine soient respectivement évidentes et suffisantes pour considérer que le produit a une identité nouvelle et distincte, une fonction prévue ainsi qu'il soit fabriqué par l'humain. La continuité substantielle de la matière et de la structure précédentes dans le nouveau produit peut être documentée en décrivant le processus de production également comme une instance de E81_Transformation.Alors que les interventions de conservation et de réparation ne sont pas considérées comme produisant une nouvelle instance de E71_Chose_élaborée_par_l'humain, les résultats de préparation de spécimens d'histoire naturelle qui modifient substantiellement leur état naturel ou original devraient être considérés comme des instances de E71_Chose_élaborée_par_l'humain, y compris la découverte de composants biologiques pétrifiés au sein d'un morceau de pierre solide. D'un autre côté, griffonner un numéro de musée sur un objet naturel ne devrait pas être considéré comme une activité créant une chose élaborée par l'humain. Nonobstant cela, des parties, sections ou caractéristiques d'une instance de E24_Chose_matérielle_élaborée_par_l'humain peuvent continuer à ne pas être élaborées par l'humain et préservées pendant le processus de production, par exemple les perles naturelles utilisées comme une partie de boucle d'oreille. | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 |
Examples
| Show | Example | Language | Namespace | View details | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the Forth Railway Bridge (Shipway, Bouch, Baker and Fowler, 1990). | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| the Channel Tunnel (E25) (Holliday, Marcou and Vickerman, 1991) | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| the Palace of Knossos (Evans, 1921) | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| the Colosseum in Rome, Italy (Hopkins and Beard, 2011) | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78) (Georgoula, 2005) | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| the Rosetta Stone (E22) | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment (E22) (fictitious) | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM v.3.2 (E22) | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| my empty DVD disk (E22) (fictitious) | en | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| La pierre de Rosette (Rosetta Stone) (E22_Objet_élaboré_par_l'humain) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| Ma copie de poche de Crime et Châtiment Преступление и наказание (E22_Objet_élaboré_par_l'humain) (fictif) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| Le disque informatique à l'Institute of Computer Science - Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (ICS-FORTH) qui contient la Définition canonique du CIDOC CRM v.3.2 (E22_Objet_élaboré_par_l'humain) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| Mon disque DVD vide (E22_Objet_élaboré_par_l'humain) (fictif) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| Le Pont du Forth (Forth Railway Bridge) (E22_Objet_élaboré_par_l'humain) (Shipway, Bouch, Baker & Fowler, 1990) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| Le tunnel sous la manche (E25_Caractéristique_élaborée_par_l'humain) (Holliday, Marcou & Vickerman, 1991) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| Le palais de Knossos (Evans, 1921) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| Le Colisée de Rome en Italie (Hopkins & Beard, 2011) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||
| La collection historique du Musée Benaki à Athènes (E78_Collection) (Georgoula, 2005) | fr | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 |
Additional notes
| Show | Notes | Type | Language | Namespace | View details | Comments |
|---|
Identifier: E24
Official URI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing
OntoME URI: https://ontome.net/ontology/c23
Labels
| Label | Language | Last updated | View details | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Human-Made Thing * | en | 2022-06-13 | 0 | |
| Chose matérielle élaborée par l'humain * | fr | 2024-03-21 | 0 |
* : Standard label for this language
Namespace
| Namespace | Last updated |
|---|---|
| CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 2022-06-13 |
| CIDOC CRM version 5.0.4 | 2022-06-13 |
| CIDOC CRM version 6.2 | 2021-06-10 |
Parent classes
| Class | Class namespace | Relation defined in | Justification | View details | Edit | Delete | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E18 Physical Thing | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 | ||||
| E71 Human-Made Thing | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | 0 |
Ancestor classes
| Class | Depth | Class namespace | Via |
|---|---|---|---|
| E1 CRM Entity | 4 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | E71 - E70 - E77 |
| E1 CRM Entity | 5 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | E18 - E72 - E70 - E77 |
| E70 Thing | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | E71 |
| E70 Thing | 3 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | E18 - E72 |
| E72 Legal Object | 2 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | E18 |
| E77 Persistent Item | 3 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | E71 - E70 |
| E77 Persistent Item | 4 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | E18 - E72 - E70 |
| Thing | 5 | OntoME internal model - active version | E71 - E70 - E77 - E1 |
| Thing | 6 | OntoME internal model - active version | E18 - E72 - E70 - E77 - E1 |
Child and descendant classes
| Class | Depth | Class namespace | Via |
|---|---|---|---|
| E22 Human-Made Object | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | |
| E22 Man-Made Object | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | |
| E25 Human-Made Feature | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | |
| E25 Man-Made Feature | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | |
| E78 Collection | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 | |
| E78 Curated Holding | 1 | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
Related classes
| Relation | Class | Class namespace | Justification | Relation defined in | View details | Edit | Delete | Comments |
|---|
Outgoing properties (this class is domain)
| Domain | Property identifier | Range | Namespace |
|---|---|---|---|
| E24 Physical Human-Made Thing | crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) | E1 CRM Entity | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E24 Physical Human-Made Thing | crm:P65 shows visual item (is shown by) | E36 Visual Item | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
Outgoing properties (inherited from ancestors)
Incoming properties (this class is range)
| Domain | Property identifier | Range | Namespace |
|---|---|---|---|
| E12 Production | crm:P108 has produced (was produced by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
Incoming properties (inherited from ancestors)
| Domain | Property identifier | Range | Namespace |
|---|---|---|---|
| E4 Period | crm:P8 took place on or within (witnessed) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E4 Period | crm:P8 took place on or within (witnessed) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E5 Event | crm:P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E5 Event | crm:P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E6 Destruction | crm:P13 destroyed (was destroyed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E6 Destruction | crm:P13 destroyed (was destroyed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E7 Activity | crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E7 Activity | crm:P15 was influenced by (influenced) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E7 Activity | crm:P16 used specific object (was used for) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E70) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E7 Activity | crm:P16 used specific object (was used for) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E70) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E7 Activity | crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E7 Activity | crm:P17 was motivated by (motivated) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E7 Activity | crm:P19 was intended use of (was made for) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E71) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E7 Activity | crm:P19 was intended use of (was made for) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E71) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E8 Acquisition | crm:P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E8 Acquisition | crm:P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E10 Transfer of Custody | crm:P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E10 Transfer of Custody | crm:P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E11 Modification | crm:P31 has modified (was modified by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E11 Modification | crm:P31 has modified (was modified by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E13 Attribute Assignment | crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E13 Attribute Assignment | crm:P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E13 Attribute Assignment | crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E13 Attribute Assignment | crm:P141 assigned (was assigned by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E14 Condition Assessment | crm:P34 concerned (was assessed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E14 Condition Assessment | crm:P34 concerned (was assessed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E16 Measurement | crm:P39 measured (was measured by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E16 Measurement | crm:P39 measured (was measured by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E17 Type Assignment | crm:P41 classified (was classified by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E17 Type Assignment | crm:P41 classified (was classified by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E18 Physical Thing | crm:P198 holds or supports (is held or supported by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E18 Physical Thing | crm:P198 holds or supports (is held or supported by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E18 Physical Thing | crm:P46 is composed of (forms part of) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E18 Physical Thing | crm:P46 is composed of (forms part of) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E24 Physical Human-Made Thing | crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E24 Physical Human-Made Thing | crm:P62 depicts (is depicted by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E31 Document | crm:P70 documents (is documented in) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E31 Document | crm:P70 documents (is documented in) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E32 Authority Document | crm:P71 lists (is listed in) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E32 Authority Document | crm:P71 lists (is listed in) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E36 Visual Item | crm:P138 represents (has representation) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E36 Visual Item | crm:P138 represents (has representation) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E53 Place | crm:P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E53 Place | crm:P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E63 Beginning of Existence | crm:P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E63 Beginning of Existence | crm:P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E64 End of Existence | crm:P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E64 End of Existence | crm:P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E77) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E70 Thing | crm:P130 shows features of (features are also found on) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E70) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E70 Thing | crm:P130 shows features of (features are also found on) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E70) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E79 Part Addition | crm:P110 augmented (was augmented by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E79 Part Addition | crm:P110 augmented (was augmented by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E79 Part Addition | crm:P111 added (was added by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E79 Part Addition | crm:P111 added (was added by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E80 Part Removal | crm:P112 diminished (was diminished by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E80 Part Removal | crm:P112 diminished (was diminished by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E80 Part Removal | crm:P113 removed (was removed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E80 Part Removal | crm:P113 removed (was removed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E81 Transformation | crm:P123 resulted in (resulted from) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E81 Transformation | crm:P123 resulted in (resulted from) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E81 Transformation | crm:P124 transformed (was transformed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E81 Transformation | crm:P124 transformed (was transformed by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E83 Type Creation | crm:P136 was based on (supported type creation) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E83 Type Creation | crm:P136 was based on (supported type creation) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E89 Propositional Object | crm:P129 is about (is subject of) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E89 Propositional Object | crm:P129 is about (is subject of) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E89 Propositional Object | crm:P67 refers to (is referred to by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E89 Propositional Object | crm:P67 refers to (is referred to by) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E1) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E93 Presence | crm:P195 was a presence of (had presence) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
| E93 Presence | crm:P195 was a presence of (had presence) | E24 Physical Human-Made Thing (is a E18) | CIDOC CRM version 7.1.2 |
Profiles using this class
| Label | Version | Status | Last updated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silknow working profile | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-10-25 |
| HisArc-RDF | 1 | Published | 2024-03-13 |
| Inscriptions and Visual Items ongoing | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-10-25 |
| Artefacts – Characteristics | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-10-25 |
| Physical human-made things and basic information about them | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-11-30 |
| Archaeological excavations | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-10-25 |
| Displacements, movements and journeys ongoing | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-10-25 |
| Constructions - Production, modification and transformation ongoing | 2 | Ongoing | 2023-10-25 |
| Physical Human-Made Things - Classification and Connotation ongoing | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-10-25 |
| Telecommunication Network ongoing | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-11-20 |
| Object move and presence ongoing | 1 | Ongoing | 2023-11-23 |
| HisArc-RDF | 2 | Published | 2024-03-13 |
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