This class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. It is an abstract concept providing for three general properties:Identification by name or appellation, and in particular by a preferred identifierClassification by type, allowing further refinement of the specific subclass an instance belongs to Attachment of free text and other unstructured data for the expression of anything not captured by formal propertiesAll other classes within the CIDOC CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity.
This class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods and E5 Events, which happen over a limited extent in time. This extent in time must be contiguous, i.e., without gaps. In case the defining kinds of phenomena for an instance of E2 Temporal Entity cease to happen, and occur later again at another time, we regard that the former instance of E2 Temporal Entity has ended and a new instance has come into existence. In more intuitive terms, the same event cannot happen twice.In some contexts, such phenomena are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item and is an abstract class that typically has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing.
This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space.It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an instance of E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods.Often, this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. However, there are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore, E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical birth, an instance of E67 Birth, can be seen as both a single event, i.e., an instance of E5 Event, and as an extended period, i.e., an instance of E4 Period, that consists of multiple physical processes and complementary activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.As the actual extent of an instance of E4 Period in spacetime we regard the trajectories of the participating physical things during their participation in an instance of E4 Period. This includes the open spaces via which these things have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of the respective period or event. Examples include the air in a meeting room transferring the voices of the participants. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena spreading out over islands or other separated areas, including geopolitical units distributed over disconnected areas such as islands or colonies.Whether the trajectories necessary for participants to travel between these areas are regarded as part of the spatiotemporal extent or not has to be decided in each case based on a concrete analysis, taking use of the sea for other purposes than travel, such as fishing, into consideration. One may also argue that the activities to govern disconnected areas imply travelling through spaces connecting them and that these areas hence are spatially connected in a way, but it appears counterintuitive to consider for instance travel routes in international waters as extensions of geopolitical units.Consequently, an instance of E4 Period may occupy a number of disjoint spacetime volumes, however there must not be a discontinuity in the time-span covered by these spacetime volumes. This means that an instance of E4 Period must be contiguous in time. If it has ended in all areas, it has ended as a whole. However, it may end in one area before another, such as in the Polynesian migration, and it continues as long as it is ongoing in at least one area.We model E4 Period as a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime Volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CIDOC CRMgeo (Doerr Hiebel, 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance, we can discuss the physical extent of an instance of E4 Period without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E4 Period is a phenomenon while an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore, this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.Typical use of this class in cultural heritage documentation is for documenting cultural and artistic periods. There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period in the European sphere of influence lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an instance of E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.A geopolitical unit as a specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena related to the claim of power, the consequences of belonging to a jurisdictional area and an administrative system that establishes a geopolitical unit. Examples from the modern period are countries or administrative areas of countries such as districts whose actions and structures define activities and phenomena in the area that they intend to govern. The borders of geopolitical units are often defined in contracts or treaties although they may deviate from the actual practice. The spatiotemporal properties of Geopolitical units can be modelled through the properties inherited from E92 Spacetime Volume.Another specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the actual extent of the set of activities and phenomena as evidenced by their physical traces that define a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.
This class comprises distinct, delimited and coherent processes and interactions of a material nature, in cultural, social or physical systems, involving and affecting instances of E77 Persistent Item in a way characteristic of the kind of process. Typical examples are meetings, births, deaths, actions of decision taking, making or inventing things, but also more complex and extended ones such as conferences, elections, building of a castle, or battles.While the continuous growth of a tree lacks the limits characteristic of an event, its germination from a seed does qualify as an event. Similarly, the blowing of the wind lacks the distinctness and limits of an event, but a hurricane, flood or earthquake would qualify as an event. Mental processes are considered as events, in cases where they are connected with the material externalization of their results; for example, the creation of a poem, a performance or a change of intention that becomes obvious from subsequent actions or declarations.The effects of an instance of E5 Event may not lead to relevant permanent changes of properties or relations of the items involved in it, for example an unrecorded performance. Of course, in order to be documented, some kind of evidence for an event must exist, be it witnesses, traces or products of the event.While instances of E4 Period always require some form of coherence between its constituent phenomena, in addition, the essential constituents of instances of E5 Event should contribute to an overall effect; for example, the statements made during a meeting and the listening of the audience.Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an instance of E5 Event may appear as if it had an ‘instantaneous’ overall effect, but any process or interaction of material nature in reality have an extent in time and space. At a fine level, instances of E5 Event may be analysed into component phenomena and phases within a space and timeframe, and as such can be seen as a period, regardless of the size of the phenomena. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy overall effect and are thus not instances of E5 Event.
This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented. This notion includes complex, composite and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.
This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, human-made or natural.Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CIDOC CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter.An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space at any instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. For the purpose of more detailed descriptions of the presence of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in space and time it can be associated with its specific instance of E92 Spacetime Volume by the property P196 defines (is defined by). The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states, as long as they are not confined in an identifiable way for an identifiable minimal time-span.
This class comprises non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation or historical implication. The production of such information may have been supported by the use of technical devices such as cameras or computers.Characteristically, instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then may be documented or communicated between persons. Instances of E28 Conceptual Object have the ability to exist on more than one particular carrier at the same time, such as paper, electronic signals, marks, audio media, paintings, photos, human memories, etc.They cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are lost.
This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which someone may be held responsible.
This class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means and can be approximated by values, i.e., by points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values etc.An instance of E54 Dimension represents the empirical or theoretically derived quantity, including the precision tolerances resulting from the particular method or calculation. The identity of an instance of E54 Dimension depends on the method of its determination because each method may produce different values even when determining comparable qualities. For instance, the wingspan of a bird alive or dead is a different dimension. Thermoluninescence dating and Rehydroxylation [RHX] dating are different dimensions of temporal distance from now, even if they aim at dating the same object. The method of determination should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). Note that simple terms such as “diameter” or “length” are normally insufficient to unambiguously describe a respective dimension. In contrast, “maximum linear extent” may be sufficient.The properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for expressing the numerical approximation of the values of instances of E54 Dimension adequate to the precision of the applied method of determination. If the respective quantity belongs to a non-discrete space according to the laws of physics, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the precision of the respective observation. Note, that comparability of values described in different units depends critically on the representation as value regions.Numerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension, as appropriate.
This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. E55 Type is the CIDOC CRM’s interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e., instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): E55 Type. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.
This general class comprises discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units, that either consist of matter or depend on being carried by matter and are characterized by relative stability. They may be intellectual products or physical things. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be a logical concept or structure.
This class comprises discrete, identifiable human-made items that are documented as single units. These items are either intellectual products or human-made physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concepts or structures.
This class comprises those material or immaterial items to which instances of E30 Right, such as the right of ownership or use, can be applied. This is true for all instances of E18 Physical Thing. In the case of instances of E28 Conceptual Object, however, the identity of an instance of E28 Conceptual Object or the method of its use may be too ambiguous to reliably establish instances of E30 Right, as in the case of taxa and inspirations. Ownership of corporations is currently regarded as out of scope of the CIDOC CRM.
This class comprises items that have persistent characteristics of structural nature substantially related to their identity and their integrity, sometimes known as “endurants” in philosophy. Persistent Items may be physical entities, such as people, animals or things, conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or even names. Instances of E77 Persistent Item may be present or be part of interactions in different periods or events. They can repeatedly be recognized at disparate occasions during their existence by characteristics of structural nature. The respective characteristics need not be exactly the same during all the existence of an instance of E77 Persistent Item. Often, they undergo gradual change, still bearing some similarities with that of previous times, or disappear completely and new emerge. For instance, a person, from the time of being born on, will gradually change all its features and acquire new ones, such as a scar. Even the DNA in different body cells will develop defects and mutations. Nevertheless, relevant characteristics used should be sufficiently similar to recognize the instance for some substantial period of time. The more specific criteria that determine the identity of instances of subclasses of E77 Persistent Item may vary considerably and are described or referred to in the respective scope notes. The decision about which exact criteria to use depends on whether the observable behaviour of the respective part of reality such confined conforms to the reasoning the user is interested in. For example, a building can be regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria, such as being bodily separated from other persons. Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. On the opposite, the identity of a (version of a) text of a scientific publication is given by the exact arrangement of its relevant symbols. The main classes of objects that fall outside the scope of the E77 Persistent Item class are temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties. An instance of E77 Persistent Item does not require actual knowledge of the identifying features of the instance being currently known. There may be cases, where the actual identifying features of an instance of E77 Persistent Item are not decidable at a particular state of knowledge.
This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse. This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.
This class comprises 4-dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime (in contrast to mathematical models of it) regardless their true geometric forms. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, E53 Place and E52 Time-Span are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is its projection on time.
Financial exchange is an intentional act, undertaken by two or more actors, to determine the value of one set of goods, commodities or currencies, in exchange for another set of goods, commodities or currencies.
An instance of exchange value is the collective ascription of a form of equivalence between two currencies or commodities decided through the context of a G1 Financial Exchange. The substance of the exchange value is the communal commitment to the equivalence of the two currencies or commodities in question. Instances of exchange value come to be through the process of negotiation and trade, though they may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of exchange value end either through a formal process, such as a new negotiation or trade, the formal fixing of an alternate exchange value for a given currency or commodity (which may also be null in the case of defunct government or authority), be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
This class comprises types that stand in for instances of E19 Physical Object, the outcome of a production process that as produced some good (such as silk or lumber), but which are not intended to be used (or documented) as individual entities. Their function is to act as a sort of measure for sales or the exchange of other goods. Acting as form of currency, their existence qua 'type' is principally confined to account books and ledgers.
This class comprises the unit types that may apply to the kinds of things exchanged in a financial exchange, including currencies, but also units typically employed in the exchange of commodities (e.g., bottles, barrels, crates, bales or cords).
This class comprises the intentional act of transferring an amount of currency or commodity from one actor to another.
This class comprises the intentional act of transferring some amount of currency or commodity in exchange for some concrete (non-commodified) physical object, after which the physical object changes ownership from the actor who made the payment to the actor who received the payment.
The temporal state in which someone or something (which may be intangible) is in.
An event class where the internal state of someone or something has changed in some manner.
This class comprises events wherein there is written or spoken account of an entity or a state of affairs that is taken by the attester to be true. If these accounts are written, traces of them will be retrievable in the form of documentary evidence drawn from archival sources. Instances of this class come into existence when an actor makes a propositional claim about something they belief to be true. Instances of this class cease to be when all documentary evidence of the attestation has disappeared and/or its existence has faded from memory.
An instance of succession status is a collective ascription to a sovereignty of a successive association to another sovereignty. As opposed to a sovereignty following another one merely temporally, as in the case where a sovereign line is broken, the succession relation created between sovereignties is created by the socially recognized connection holding between them. In such cases, the sequence of sovereignties are taken to represent a unified lineage, the exact ordering of which may be the subject of research or scholarly debate, but we do have de jure attribution from which some knowledge may be derived and documented with an instance of Succession Status. Instances of succession status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-recognizing this status, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act initiating this status. Instances of locative status may come to be through a formal process such as a declaration of succession on the part of some sovereign, or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of succession status may end either though a formal process, such as a new declarative act, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
This class comprises constellations of matter with a relative stability of any form sufficient to associate them with a persistent identity, such as being confined to certain extent, having a relative stability of form or structure, or containing a fixed amount of matter. In particular, it comprises physical things in the narrower sense and fluid bodies. It is an abstraction of physical substance for solid and non-solid things of matter.
This class comprises instances of E5 Event or S10 Material Substantial (i.e. items or phenomena, such as physical things, their behaviour, states and interactions or events), that can be observed by measurement or detection devices or by human sensory impression including when enhanced by tools. In order to be observable, instances of E5 Event must consist of some interaction or action of material substance. In some cases, the spatiotemporal confinement of the event itself, such as a flash, a car stopping etc. marks the limits of a documented observation of an event. In other cases, such as the situation of a car passing by a certain object, the spatiotemporal limits of the event of observing itself, as well as the direction of attention or the orientation of used instruments, may constrain the observed detail of a larger process, e.g., noticing the sight of a car passing by; a light emission, etc. Conceptual objects manifest through their carriers such as books, digital media, or even human memory. Attributes of conceptual objects, such as number of words, can be observed on their carriers. If the respective properties between carriers differ, either they carry different instances of conceptual objects or the difference can be attributed to accidental deficiencies in one of the carriers. In that sense even immaterial objects are observable. By this model we address the fact that frequently, the actually observed carriers of conceptual objects are not explicitly identified in documentation, i.e., they are assumed to have existed but they are unknown as individuals.
This class comprises the activities involved in the exercise of power by a group or individual over some other persons and potentially some place. The exercise of authority is the active assertion of an individual or group's power over the related persons and/or place through physical and/or symbolic acts which are meant to and actually do maintain the authority of the individual or group exercising that power. An instance of exercise of authority comes into existence through its assertion on the part of that power, which may bring about the authority of the individual or group asserting in question (e.g.: a declaration of authority by a party over some group or territory) or may represent a manifestation of the socially agreed upon application of the authority of an individual or group and their assumption of that authority (e.g.: appointment). Instances of exercise of authority may cease to exist either through a counter action on the part of another (e.g.: seizing control of a ship), or through the socially agreed upon transfer of power (e.g.: end of term or removal from office). Moreover, the death of the individual or dissolution of the group exercising the authority in question may also brings about the end of existence of the exercise of authority.
This class comprises the activities involved in the exercise of power by a ruling group or individual over a population and, typically, a territory. Sovereignty consists in the active assertion of the sovereign's power over the related population and territory through physical and/or symbolic acts which are meant to and actually do maintain the authority of that sovereign. An instance of sovereignty may come into existence either through its assertion on the part of the sovereign, which may bring about the rule of the sovereign (e.g.: a revolution, coup d'etat) or may come about constitutionally through the application of pre-agreed terms of the declaration of a new sovereign and their assumption of sovereignty (e.g.: coronation procedures). Instances of sovereignty may cease to exist either through a counter action that successfully challenges that sovereignty (e.g., a popular revolution), through the dissolution of general social order, or constitutionally through pre-agreed forms of the transfer of power (e.g., direct descent). Moreover, the death or dissolution of the individual or group exercising sovereignty may also bring about the end to its existence.
An instance of institutional fact is an ascription of a status function to an object by a community. The institutional fact is a concretization of a collective intentionality of the community in question towards a certain object over a certain period of time. An instance of institutional fact is recognizable to a competent speaker/member of a symbolic community (native or learner with sufficient competence). It may not be perceived through a single sense impression but through multiple experiences and implicit reasonings (e.g.: embedded participation, behavioural observation, linguistic evidence and interview), yet typically such intermediate observations and inferences are not necessarily recorded or accessible. The historical statement is typically the assertion of the institutional fact, that such and such a fact was the case, and was in force for a given community, at some time. The epistemic veridicality of the stated /reference instance of institutional fact is always open to contestation. The means of contestation involve analyzing the sources which support it. Instances of institutional fact come into existence based on conventions establishing the conditions under which they come into effect. Typically, an instance of institutional fact will come into existence either because of the performance of its stipulated, initiating speech act (e.g.: state of being married via marriage) or as a result of events fulfilling existing norm prescriptions in the community (e.g.: state of being uncle as result of birth of child of sister). An institutional fact comes to be through the agreed fiat of a community. It typically ceases to exist either because of a stipulated, nullifying speech act (e.g. divorce proceeding), because a community ceases to support the effective rule supporting its declaration (e.g.: ownership of people) or force majeure (e.g.: object ascribed function/status or community perceiving status is eliminated).
This class comprises actions of a symbolic nature that are intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor. In engaging in a symbolic act, an E39 Actor communicates to other actors. The specific content of a symbolic act's communicative outcome currently lies beyond the scope of this class. Instances of this class can be used to document events of affirmative or negatory relation towards an extant social fact as communicated by an actor. An instance of symbolic act is carried out within a social-cultural framework and makes use of the codes and symbols of that framework to communicate a message symbolically and typically affirms or challenges one or more institutional facts recognized therein. Instances of symbolic act begin when an E39 Actor intentionally engages in an action invoking an existing code or symbol with the intent to affirm or challenge an institutional fact and end when the invoking act / practice has been completed (or was interrupted).
This property is used to link the exchange value determined in a financial exchange to an amount to be exchanged.
This property is used to link the exchange value determined in a financial exchange to an amount that has been exchanged for another amount.
This property is used to indicate the specific type of exchange value which is indicated as holding between the subject amount and the target amount to be exchanged.
This property is used to link a commodity to a dimension that records its numeric amount.
This property is used to link a payment to an actor receiving that payment.
This property is used to link a payment to an amount paid in the payment.
This property is to link an internal change to an internal state that has been changed.
This property is to link an internal state to a physical thing whose internal state it is.
This property is used to link an attestation to an entity attested to in the attestation
This property is used to indicate the sovereignty for which an succession status holds as institutional fact.
This property is used to indicate the sovereignty which has been succeeded by its successor.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the succession which is indicated as holding for the sovereignty subject of the successor status pertains to this subject.
This property is used to link an attestation to a propositional object that records the trace of that attestation in verbal and/or visual form, as in e.g. a letter or brief.
This property is used to connect an instance of institutional fact to an entity with which it is concerned. The intentional subject indicated by this property is the object about which the institutional fact holds for the group committed to this institutional reality.
This property is used to indicate the entity which an instance of institutional fact ascribes to its subject. The intentional target indicated by this property is the object which the institutional fact establishes as holding of its subject for the group committed to this institutional reality. The manner of its holding is indicated by the intentional relation.
This property is used to indicate the relationship which an instance of institutional fact takes to hold between its subject and its object. The intentional relation indicated by this property is the kind of relationship which the institutional fact establishes as holding between them for the group committed to this institutional reality.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to link the exchange value determined in a financial exchange to an amount to be exchanged.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to link the exchange value determined in a financial exchange to an amount that has been exchanged for another amount.
is exchange value equivalent ascribed by
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific type of exchange value which is indicated as holding between the subject amount and the target amount to be exchanged.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to link a commodity to a dimension that records its numeric amount.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to link a payment to an actor receiving that payment.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to link a payment to an amount paid in the payment.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is to link an internal change to an internal state that has been changed.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is to link an internal state to a physical thing whose internal state it is.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to link an attestation to an entity attested to in the attestation
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the sovereignty for which an succession status holds as institutional fact.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the sovereignty which has been succeeded by its successor.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the succession which is indicated as holding for the sovereignty subject of the successor status pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to link an attestation to a propositional object that records the trace of that attestation in verbal and/or visual form, as in e.g. a letter or brief.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect an instance of institutional fact to an entity with which it is concerned. The intentional subject indicated by this property is the object about which the institutional fact holds for the group committed to this institutional reality.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the entity which an instance of institutional fact ascribes to its subject. The intentional target indicated by this property is the object which the institutional fact establishes as holding of its subject for the group committed to this institutional reality. The manner of its holding is indicated by the intentional relation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the relationship which an instance of institutional fact takes to hold between its subject and its object. The intentional relation indicated by this property is the kind of relationship which the institutional fact establishes as holding between them for the group committed to this institutional reality.