This class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. It is an abstract concept providing for three general properties:Identification by name or appellation, and in particular by a preferred identifierClassification by type, allowing further refinement of the specific subclass an instance belongs to Attachment of free text and other unstructured data for the expression of anything not captured by formal propertiesAll other classes within the CIDOC CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity.
This class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods and E5 Events, which happen over a limited extent in time. This extent in time must be contiguous, i.e., without gaps. In case the defining kinds of phenomena for an instance of E2 Temporal Entity cease to happen, and occur later again at another time, we regard that the former instance of E2 Temporal Entity has ended and a new instance has come into existence. In more intuitive terms, the same event cannot happen twice.In some contexts, such phenomena are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item and is an abstract class that typically has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing.
This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space.It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an instance of E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods.Often, this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. However, there are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore, E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical birth, an instance of E67 Birth, can be seen as both a single event, i.e., an instance of E5 Event, and as an extended period, i.e., an instance of E4 Period, that consists of multiple physical processes and complementary activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.As the actual extent of an instance of E4 Period in spacetime we regard the trajectories of the participating physical things during their participation in an instance of E4 Period. This includes the open spaces via which these things have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of the respective period or event. Examples include the air in a meeting room transferring the voices of the participants. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena spreading out over islands or other separated areas, including geopolitical units distributed over disconnected areas such as islands or colonies.Whether the trajectories necessary for participants to travel between these areas are regarded as part of the spatiotemporal extent or not has to be decided in each case based on a concrete analysis, taking use of the sea for other purposes than travel, such as fishing, into consideration. One may also argue that the activities to govern disconnected areas imply travelling through spaces connecting them and that these areas hence are spatially connected in a way, but it appears counterintuitive to consider for instance travel routes in international waters as extensions of geopolitical units.Consequently, an instance of E4 Period may occupy a number of disjoint spacetime volumes, however there must not be a discontinuity in the time-span covered by these spacetime volumes. This means that an instance of E4 Period must be contiguous in time. If it has ended in all areas, it has ended as a whole. However, it may end in one area before another, such as in the Polynesian migration, and it continues as long as it is ongoing in at least one area.We model E4 Period as a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime Volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CIDOC CRMgeo (Doerr Hiebel, 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance, we can discuss the physical extent of an instance of E4 Period without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E4 Period is a phenomenon while an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore, this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.Typical use of this class in cultural heritage documentation is for documenting cultural and artistic periods. There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period in the European sphere of influence lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an instance of E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.A geopolitical unit as a specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena related to the claim of power, the consequences of belonging to a jurisdictional area and an administrative system that establishes a geopolitical unit. Examples from the modern period are countries or administrative areas of countries such as districts whose actions and structures define activities and phenomena in the area that they intend to govern. The borders of geopolitical units are often defined in contracts or treaties although they may deviate from the actual practice. The spatiotemporal properties of Geopolitical units can be modelled through the properties inherited from E92 Spacetime Volume.Another specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the actual extent of the set of activities and phenomena as evidenced by their physical traces that define a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.
This class comprises distinct, delimited and coherent processes and interactions of a material nature, in cultural, social or physical systems, involving and affecting instances of E77 Persistent Item in a way characteristic of the kind of process. Typical examples are meetings, births, deaths, actions of decision taking, making or inventing things, but also more complex and extended ones such as conferences, elections, building of a castle, or battles.While the continuous growth of a tree lacks the limits characteristic of an event, its germination from a seed does qualify as an event. Similarly, the blowing of the wind lacks the distinctness and limits of an event, but a hurricane, flood or earthquake would qualify as an event. Mental processes are considered as events, in cases where they are connected with the material externalization of their results; for example, the creation of a poem, a performance or a change of intention that becomes obvious from subsequent actions or declarations.The effects of an instance of E5 Event may not lead to relevant permanent changes of properties or relations of the items involved in it, for example an unrecorded performance. Of course, in order to be documented, some kind of evidence for an event must exist, be it witnesses, traces or products of the event.While instances of E4 Period always require some form of coherence between its constituent phenomena, in addition, the essential constituents of instances of E5 Event should contribute to an overall effect; for example, the statements made during a meeting and the listening of the audience.Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an instance of E5 Event may appear as if it had an ‘instantaneous’ overall effect, but any process or interaction of material nature in reality have an extent in time and space. At a fine level, instances of E5 Event may be analysed into component phenomena and phases within a space and timeframe, and as such can be seen as a period, regardless of the size of the phenomena. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy overall effect and are thus not instances of E5 Event.
This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented. This notion includes complex, composite and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.
This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, human-made or natural.Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CIDOC CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter.An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space at any instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. For the purpose of more detailed descriptions of the presence of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in space and time it can be associated with its specific instance of E92 Spacetime Volume by the property P196 defines (is defined by). The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states, as long as they are not confined in an identifiable way for an identifiable minimal time-span.
This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy).In some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called “bona fide objects” (Smith Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), i.e., naturally defined objects. The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be a purely administrative decision or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.
This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived or are natural products of or from living organisms. Artificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Human-Made Object.
This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived. Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CIDOC CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity.In a bibliographic context, a name presented following the conventions usually employed for personal names will be assumed to correspond to an actual real person (an instance of E21 Person), unless evidence is available to indicate that this is not the case. The fact that a persona may erroneously be classified as an instance of E21 Person does not imply that the concept comprises personae.
This class comprises non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation or historical implication. The production of such information may have been supported by the use of technical devices such as cameras or computers.Characteristically, instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then may be documented or communicated between persons. Instances of E28 Conceptual Object have the ability to exist on more than one particular carrier at the same time, such as paper, electronic signals, marks, audio media, paintings, photos, human memories, etc.They cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are lost.
This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form or contents. In particular, it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in new instances of E71 Human-Made Thing or for shaping or guiding the execution of an instance of E7 Activity.Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others.This is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with): E29 Design or Procedure.Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the followingA schema for the activities it describesA schema of the products that result from their application.An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines.Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CIDOC CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.
This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which someone may be held responsible.
This class comprises signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class or category within a certain context.Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but instead by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e., other instances of E41 Appellation that are always regarded as equivalent independent from the thing it denotes.Different languages may use different appellations for the same thing, such as the names of major cities. Some appellations may be formulated using a valid noun phrase of a particular language. In these cases, the respective instances of E41 Appellation should also be declared as instances of E33 Linguistic Object. Then the language using the appellation can be declared with the property P72 has language: E56 Language.Instances of E41 Appellation may be used to identify any instance of E1 CRM Entity and sometimes are characteristic for instances of more specific subclasses E1 CRM Entity, such as for instances of E52 Time-Span (for instance “dates”), E39 Actor, E53 Place or E28 Conceptual Object. Postal addresses and E-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients.Even numerically expressed identifiers for extents in space or time are also regarded as instances of E41 Appellation, such as Gregorian dates or spatial coordinates, even though they allow for determining some time or location by a known procedure starting from a reference point and by virtue of that fact play a double role as instances of E59 Primitive Value.E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment
This class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. Postal addresses, telephone numbers, URLs and e-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients.The class E42 Identifier is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents.
This class comprises extents in the natural space we live in, in particular on the surface of the Earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter. They may serve describing the physical location of things or phenomena or other areas of interest. Geometrically, instances of E53 Place constitute single contiguous areas or a finite aggregation of disjoint areas in space which are each individually contiguous. They may have fuzzy boundaries. The instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of “immobile” objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks, but may also be determined by reference to mobile objects. A Place can be determined by combining a frame of reference and a location with respect to this frame. It is sometimes argued that instances of E53 Place are best identified by global coordinates or absolute reference systems. However, relative references are often more relevant in the context of cultural documentation and tend to be more precise. In particular, we are often interested in position in relation to large, mobile objects, such as ships. For example, the Place at which Nelson died is known with reference to a large mobile object – H.M.S Victory. A resolution of this Place in terms of absolute coordinates would require knowledge of the movements of the vessel and the precise time of death, either of which may be revised, and the result would lack historical and cultural relevance.Any instance of E18 Physical Thing can serve as a frame of reference for an instance of E53 Place. This may be documented using the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for).
This class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means and can be approximated by values, i.e., by points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values etc.An instance of E54 Dimension represents the empirical or theoretically derived quantity, including the precision tolerances resulting from the particular method or calculation. The identity of an instance of E54 Dimension depends on the method of its determination because each method may produce different values even when determining comparable qualities. For instance, the wingspan of a bird alive or dead is a different dimension. Thermoluninescence dating and Rehydroxylation [RHX] dating are different dimensions of temporal distance from now, even if they aim at dating the same object. The method of determination should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). Note that simple terms such as “diameter” or “length” are normally insufficient to unambiguously describe a respective dimension. In contrast, “maximum linear extent” may be sufficient.The properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for expressing the numerical approximation of the values of instances of E54 Dimension adequate to the precision of the applied method of determination. If the respective quantity belongs to a non-discrete space according to the laws of physics, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the precision of the respective observation. Note, that comparability of values described in different units depends critically on the representation as value regions.Numerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension, as appropriate.
This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. E55 Type is the CIDOC CRM’s interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e., instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): E55 Type. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.
This general class comprises discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units, that either consist of matter or depend on being carried by matter and are characterized by relative stability. They may be intellectual products or physical things. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be a logical concept or structure.
This class comprises discrete, identifiable human-made items that are documented as single units. These items are either intellectual products or human-made physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concepts or structures.
This class comprises those material or immaterial items to which instances of E30 Right, such as the right of ownership or use, can be applied. This is true for all instances of E18 Physical Thing. In the case of instances of E28 Conceptual Object, however, the identity of an instance of E28 Conceptual Object or the method of its use may be too ambiguous to reliably establish instances of E30 Right, as in the case of taxa and inspirations. Ownership of corporations is currently regarded as out of scope of the CIDOC CRM.
This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a "named graph" also falls under this class, so that each "named graph" is an instance of E73 Information Object.An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously.Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.
This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of human individuals or groups that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. In such cases, it may happen that the group never had more than one member. A joint pseudonym (i.e., a name that seems indicative of an individual but that is actually used as a persona by two or more people) is a particular case of E74 Group.A gathering of people becomes an instance of E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modelled as membership in an instance of E74 Group. Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group.
This class comprises items that have persistent characteristics of structural nature substantially related to their identity and their integrity, sometimes known as “endurants” in philosophy. Persistent Items may be physical entities, such as people, animals or things, conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or even names. Instances of E77 Persistent Item may be present or be part of interactions in different periods or events. They can repeatedly be recognized at disparate occasions during their existence by characteristics of structural nature. The respective characteristics need not be exactly the same during all the existence of an instance of E77 Persistent Item. Often, they undergo gradual change, still bearing some similarities with that of previous times, or disappear completely and new emerge. For instance, a person, from the time of being born on, will gradually change all its features and acquire new ones, such as a scar. Even the DNA in different body cells will develop defects and mutations. Nevertheless, relevant characteristics used should be sufficiently similar to recognize the instance for some substantial period of time. The more specific criteria that determine the identity of instances of subclasses of E77 Persistent Item may vary considerably and are described or referred to in the respective scope notes. The decision about which exact criteria to use depends on whether the observable behaviour of the respective part of reality such confined conforms to the reasoning the user is interested in. For example, a building can be regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria, such as being bodily separated from other persons. Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. On the opposite, the identity of a (version of a) text of a scientific publication is given by the exact arrangement of its relevant symbols. The main classes of objects that fall outside the scope of the E77 Persistent Item class are temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties. An instance of E77 Persistent Item does not require actual knowledge of the identifying features of the instance being currently known. There may be cases, where the actual identifying features of an instance of E77 Persistent Item are not decidable at a particular state of knowledge.
This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse. This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.
This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units.It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string.In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note and its subproperty P190 has symbolic content allow for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g., "bit", "Latin character", RGB pixel).
This class comprises 4-dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime (in contrast to mathematical models of it) regardless their true geometric forms. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, E53 Place and E52 Time-Span are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is its projection on time.
An instance of institutional fact is an ascription of a status function to an object by a community. The institutional fact is a concretization of a collective intentionality of the community in question towards a certain object over a certain period of time. An instance of institutional fact is recognizable to a competent speaker/member of a symbolic community (native or learner with sufficient competence). It may not be perceived through a single sense impression but through multiple experiences and implicit reasonings (e.g.: embedded participation, behavioural observation, linguistic evidence and interview), yet typically such intermediate observations and inferences are not necessarily recorded or accessible. The historical statement is typically the assertion of the institutional fact, that such and such a fact was the case, and was in force for a given community, at some time. The epistemic veridicality of the stated /reference instance of institutional fact is always open to contestation. The means of contestation involve analyzing the sources which support it. Instances of institutional fact come into existence based on conventions establishing the conditions under which they come into effect. Typically, an instance of institutional fact will come into existence either because of the performance of its stipulated, initiating speech act (e.g.: state of being married via marriage) or as a result of events fulfilling existing norm prescriptions in the community (e.g.: state of being uncle as result of birth of child of sister). An institutional fact comes to be through the agreed fiat of a community. It typically ceases to exist either because of a stipulated, nullifying speech act (e.g. divorce proceeding), because a community ceases to support the effective rule supporting its declaration (e.g.: ownership of people) or force majeure (e.g.: object ascribed function/status or community perceiving status is eliminated).
An instance of appellative status is the collective ascription of an appellation to an object by a community. The substance of the appellative status is the communal commitment to the naming of the object in question with a designated appellation, under a designated modality. Instances of appellative status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-naming towards the object in question, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: ZE19 Naming] initiating this status. Examples of such evidence include, several individuals so naming a thing, a witness declaring that a thing is ‘so named, by us’ or through documents reporting this fact. Instances of appellative status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of naming, or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of appellative status may end either through a formal process, such as a new declarative act of naming, the formal stripping of a name, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
An instance of contact status is the collective ascription of a contact point to an actor by a community. The substance of the contact status is the communal commitment to the addressing of messages to the actor in question according to a designated contact point appellation, using the implied message exchanging method. Instances of contact status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-addressing messages to the actor in question, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: E15 Identifier Assignment] initiating this status. Examples of such evidence include, several individuals so addressing messages to an actor via this contact point appellation, a witness declaring that an actor can so be reached, or through documents reporting this fact. Instances of contact status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of identifier assignment, or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of contact status may end either though a formal process, such as a new declarative act of identifier assignment, through formal assignment, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or for unknown reasons.
An instance of classificatory status is the collective ascription of a type to an object by a community. The substance of the classificatory status is the communal commitment to the classification of the object in question according to the designated type. Instances of classificatory status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-classifying the object in question, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: E17 Type Assignment] initiating this status. Instances of classificatory status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of classification [E17 Type Assignment], or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of classificatory status may end either though a formal process, such as a new declarative act of classification, be officially declassified, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
An instance of functional status is the collective ascription of an operative functionality to an object by a community. The substance of the function status is the communal commitment to relating to and / or using the object in question according to a designated function. Instances of function status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-using or relating to the object in question, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: E17 Type Assignment] initiating this status. Instances of function status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of classification [E17 type Assignment], or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of function status may end either though a formal process, such as a new declarative act of classification.
An instance of social status is the collective ascription of a social function to an actor by a community. The substance of the social status is the communal commitment to relating to and acting toward the actor in question according to the designated status. Instances of social status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so relating or acting toward the actor in question, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: E17 Type Assignment] initiating this status. Instances of social status may attributed to individuals or to groups of individuals. Instances of social status may also be held in relation to a third party, to whom the subject of the social status bears certain rights and/or responsibilities. Instances of social status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of assignment [E17 Type Assignment], or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of social status may end either though a formal process, such as a new declarative act of classification.
An instance of custodial status is the collective ascription of a relationship of custodianship of some actor over an object by a community. The substance of the custodial status is the communal commitment to the recognition of the relationship of custodianship over the designated object by the actor in question. Instances of custodial status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-recognizing this status, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: ZE21 Declarative Transfer of Custody] initiating this status. Instances of classificatory status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative transfer of custody, or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of custodial status may end either though a formal process, such as a new declarative act of legal transfer of custody, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
An instance of ownership status is the collective ascription of a relationship of legal possession of some actor over a legal object by a community. The substance of the ownership status is the communal commitment to the recognition of the relationship of possession over the designated legal object by the actor in question. Instances of ownership status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-recognizing this status, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: ZE20 Declarative Aquisition] initiating this status. Instances of ownership status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of taking ownership, or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of ownership status may end either though a formal process, such as a new declarative act of acquisition, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
An instance of residential status is the collective ascription to an actor of a formal place of residence by a community. The substance of the residential status is the communal commitment to the recognition and use of the designated place with regards to the residence of the designated actor. Instances of residential status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-recognizing this status, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act initiating this status. Instances of residence status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of taking up residence, or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of residence status may end either though a formal process, such as a new declarative act, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
An instance of family status is the collective ascription of a familial relationship between one actor and another by a community. The substance of the family status is the communal recognition of the familial connection between the two actors in question. Instances of family status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance and behaviour indicated as proper to this relation, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act (e.g.: adoption) initiating this status. Instances of family status may come to be simply through birth in a certain community or may require that a formal process such as a right of passage has been undertaken. Instances of family status may end either though a formal process such as a renunciation or through death.
An instance of membership status is the collective ascription of a membership relationship between an actor and some group by a community. The substance of the membership status is the communal recognition of the ascribed membership relation between the actor and the group in question. Instances of membership status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance and behaviour indicated as proper to this relation, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: ZE22 Declarative Joining] initiating this status. Instances of membership status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of declarative joining or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of membership status may end either though a formal process [e.g.: ZE23 Declarative Leaving], or may simply fade out, be eliminated by fiat or for unknown reasons.
An instance of referential status is the collective ascription of a referential relationship between a propositional object and some entity by a community. The substance of the referential status is the communal recognition of the ascribed referential relation holding between the propositional object and the entity in question. Instances of referential status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance and behaviour indicated as properly holding between the propositional object and the object it is taken to refer to in the manner it is meant to refer, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act initiating this status. Instances of referential status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of referential status may end either though a formal process, or may simply fade out, be eliminated by fiat or for unknown reasons.
An instance of speech act comprises an intentional activity engaged in by a set of actors to create a new institutional fact - or to nullify an existing one - that holds for a given community. Speech acts are carried out by intentional actors through invoking a social rule and performing a prescribed set of actions often including the locution of set formulae of phrases by certain actors, fulfilling certain roles. Correct execution of the speech act as specified by the rule results in the existence of new institutional facts or their negation. The substance of speech act is ritual action performed by a group. An instance of speech act begins when the intended ritual proceeding as specified by the rule invoked is initiated. The instance of speech act ends when the required set of actions specified for the act in question are executed or it is abandoned.
An instance of similarity status is the collective ascription of a similarity relationship between any two objects by a community. The substance of the similarity status is the communal recognition of the ascribed similarity relation between the two entities in question. Instances of similarity status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance and behaviour indicated by the kind of similarity believed to hold between the two referenced entities, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act initiating this status. Instances of similarity status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act (e.g., scholarship) or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of similarity status may end either though a formal process (e.g., disproof or refutation), or may simply fade out, be eliminated by fiat or for unknown reasons.
An instance of set status is the collective ascription of some relationship of belonging between some entity and a notional set by a community. The substance of the set status is the communal recognition of the ascribed belonging between the subject entity and the set in question. Instances of set status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance and behaviour indicated as proper to this set-belonging relation, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act initiating this status. Instances of set status may come to be through a formal process or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of membership status may end either though a formal process, or may simply fade out, be eliminated by fiat or for unknown reasons.
An instance of digital reading is a digital processing event guided by a set of instructions or parameters for returning an output result set of identifications that makes propositions about the content of an input dataset. Digital reading is a computational process guided by a parametrized hypothesis resulting in a new propositional dataset for scientific consideration. The propositional information generated by the digital reading process should be considered as provisional knowledge posited under a hypothesis. Typically propositions generated by the digital reading will become the subject of further scholarly research.
An instance of critical reading is a process of analysis undertaken by a scholar to derive analytical facts from a specific information resource. Critical reading engages the background knowledge of the scholar and their interpretive horizon in order to support them in actively reading the research object to derive factual, historically contextualized/contextualizing information regarding the propositional content in question and the world(s) it pertains too. This process can take as input previous scholarly documentation or outputs of digital reading events. Critical reading may result in a series of constructed arguments, serving as a foundation for the documentation and analysis of an argument regarding the text and its referents. Critical reading might also result in the observation, documentation or assertion of a social fact, such as the assertion of an appelative or classificatory status. In the latter case, the instance of ZE18 Critical Reading serves as provenance for the existence of the fact in the network.
Instances of naming are comprised of an act which officially confers a name to some object under a specific procedure. The substance of naming is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE19 Naming come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful termination of the act or because of its premature termination. The result of the instance of naming is the coming to be of a collective acceptance of a name for some object in some mode for some time. The details of this institutional fact are documented in the resultant instance of ZE2 Appellative Status.
Instances of this class comprise official acquisition events undertaken following formal procedures within a social grouping leading to formal ownership status over an object by some actor according to the participating parties. The substance of declarative acquisition is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE20 Declarative Acquisition come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful termination of the act or because of its premature termination. A successful act of ZE20 Declarative Acquisition leads to the generation of an instance of ZE8 Ownership Status, the institutional fact that thereafter mediates the social relation to this object until it has been abrogated.
Instances of this class comprise official transfer of custody events undertaken following formal procedures within a social grouping leading to formal change in the custody status over an object, ascribing it to some actor's custody, according to the participating parties. The substance of declarative transfer of custody is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE21 Declarative Transfer of Custody come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful termination of the act or because of its premature termination. A successful act of declarative transfer of custody leads to the generation of an instance of ZE7 Custodial Status, the institutional fact that thereafter mediates the social relation to this object until it has been abrogated.
Instances of this class comprise official joining events undertaken following formal procedures within a social grouping leading to formal change in the membership status of an actor relative to a group for the participating parties. The substance of declarative joining is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE22 Declarative Joining come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful termination of the act or because of its premature termination. A successful act of ZE22 Declarative Joining leads to the generation of an instance of ZE11 Membership Status, the institutional fact that thereafter mediates the social relation between the group and actor in question until it has been abrogated.
Instances of this class comprise official leaving events undertaken following formal procedures within a social grouping leading to formal change in the membership status of an actor relative to a group for the participating parties. The substance of declarative leaving is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE23 Declarative Leaving come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful termination of the act or because of its premature termination. A successful act of ZE23 Declarative Leaving leads to the termination of an instance of ZE11 Membership Status, the institutional fact that thereafter no longer mediates the social relation between the group and actor in question.
Instances of this class comprise notional sets of objects which have been grouped together for one reason or another. The substance of notional set is ideational. A notional set comes to be when it is asserted or otherwise declared. It gains or loses members according to the particular rules guiding its maintenance. Typically instances of ZE24 Notional Set serve a functional purpose such as the grouping of some objects according to an ad hoc, context particular, or a context categorical criterion. See also Linked.Art:Set
An instance of dating status is the collective ascription of a relative dating to an event (such as the production or the use of an object or the despotional moment of an archaeological context) by its association to an established and named historical or archaeological period or event. The substance of the dating status is the communal recognition of the ascribed chronology as holding true for the dated event and potential, relative object(s) it involves. Instances of dating status are typically recorded in the archaeological / archival record. Instances of dating status are most typically initiated by a formal process such as a scholarly dating attribution (ZE26 Dating Declaration). Instances of dating status may be terminated either through a formal process (official disproof), or be replaced by another dating declaration holding an updated belief and supported by further evidence.
Instances of dating declaration are scholarly acts which officially assign a historical or archaeological period to an event of interest (paradigmatic cases being the production or the time of use or termination of existence of some object or physical thing) of which, typically, a material artefact is the material remain. The result of the instance of dating declaration is the coming to be of a collective acceptance of the dating status for some object or some physical thing at some time by some group of people. This status may come to be contested or replaced by some new status, either through reasoned argumentation, assertion or even forgetting. The details of this institutional fact are documented in the resultant instance of ZE25 Dating Status.
Instances of declaration of obligation are characterized by formal acts of recognition of a state of obligation between one party and another party for a certain measurable amount of goods. Instances of this class comprise official acts undertaken following formal procedures within a social grouping leading to formal recognition of an obligation status between two actors. The substance of declaration of obligation is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE27 Declaration of Obligation come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful termination of the act or because of its premature termination. A successful act of ZE27 Declaration of Obligation leads to the generation of an instance of ZE28 Obligation Status, the institutional fact that thereafter holds between two actors until it has been abrogated.
An instance of obligation status demarks a socially recognized state of obligation holding between two parties, wherein the first party is recognized to have the requirement to fulfill a debt to the second party for a certain measurable amount. The substance of the obligation status is the commitment from one party to another for compensation in a socially recognized form. Instances of obligation status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-recognizing this status, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: ZE27 Declaration of Obligation) initiating this status. Instances of obligation status may come to be through a formal process such as an act of declaring obligation [ZE27 Declaration of Obligation), or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of obligation may end either though a formal process, such as an act of renunciation, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
Instances of declaration of transfer of property right consist of events in which an official transfer of a property right is undertaken between two individuals with the result that a new right is assigned to the receiver and the right of the giver may be forfeited. Instances of this class consist of events in which an official transfer of a property right is undertaken between two individuals with the result that a new right is assigned to the receiver and the right of the giver may be forfeited. The substance of transfer of property right is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE29 Transfer of Property Right come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful termination of the act or because of its premature termination. A successful act of ZE29 Transfer of Property Right leads to the generation of an instance of ZE30 Property Right Status, the institutional fact that thereafter mediates the social relation to this object until it has been abrogated.
Instances of property right status indicate the holding of a right over a legal object by some actor for some time. An instance of property right status is the collective ascription of a relationship of legal right of some actor over a legal object by a community. The substance of the property right status is the communal commitment to the recognition of the right of use, right to earn incolm from, and right of disposal (of some sort) over the designated legal object by the actor in question. Instances of property right status are recognizable through evidence of community members adopting the intentional stance of so-recognizing this status, as observable from direct witnesses, through the reports of competent observers or through evidence of a declarative act [e.g.: ZE29 Transfer of Property Right) initiating this status. Instances of property right status may come to be through a formal process such as a declarative act of taking posession of right [ZE29 Transfer of Property Right), or may have arisen through habit, fiat or be of unknown origin. Instances of property right status may end either though a formal process, such as a new transfer or right, or may simply fade out of use, be eliminated by fiat or be of unknown reason.
Instances of this class comprise official group formation events undertaken following formal procedures within a social grouping leading to the formal existence of the group relative to the participating parties, whether subgroups or individual persons. The substance of declarative group formation is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE33 Declarative Formation come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful termination of the act or because of its premature termination. A successful act of ZE33 Declarative Formation leads to the generation of an instance of ZE11 Membership Status, the institutional fact that thereafter mediates the social relation between the group and actor in question until it has been abrogated.
Instances of this class comprise official group dissolution events undertaken following formal procedures within a social grouping leading to the formal termination of the existence of the group relative to the participating parties, whether subgroups or individual persons. The substance of declarative group dissolution is an intentional, social act. Instances of ZE34 Declarative Dissolution come about when the specific social procedure required is intentionally and successfully enacted according to the prevalent rules. They end with the successful completion of the act or because of its premature termination. A successful act of ZE34 Declarative Dissolution leads to the termination of an instance of ZE11 Membership Status for each of the groups members, whether individuals or subgroups, until such a time as the group is reformed.
This property describes the active participation of an instance of E39 Actor in an instance of E7 Activity. It implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property specifies the nature of an Actor’s participation.
This property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an instance of E7 Activity. This property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer.Another example is the use of a particular name by a particular group of people over some span to identify a thing, such as a settlement. In this case, the physical carriers of this name are at least the people understanding its use.
This property identifies a specific instance of E29 Design or Procedure in order to carry out an instance of E7 Activity or parts of it. The property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that P33 refers to an instance of E29 Design or Procedure, which is a concrete information object in its own right rather than simply being a term or a method known by tradition. Typical examples would include intervention plans for conservation or the construction plans of a building.
This property is used to connect an instance of institutional fact to an entity with which it is concerned. The intentional subject indicated by this property is the object about which the institutional fact holds for the group committed to this institutional reality.
This property is used to indicate the entity which an instance of institutional fact ascribes to its subject. The intentional target indicated by this property is the object which the institutional fact establishes as holding of its subject for the group committed to this institutional reality. The manner of its holding is indicated by the intentional relation.
This property is used to indicate the relationship which an instance of institutional fact takes to hold between its subject and its object. The intentional relation indicated by this property is the kind of relationship which the institutional fact establishes as holding between them for the group committed to this institutional reality.
This property is used to indicate the community or group for whom an instance of institutional fact holds. Institutional facts have identity only relative to some group for whom they have a significance as formulated through a chosen symbolic system.
This property is used to indicate the entity for which an appellation holds as institutional fact.
This property is used to indicate the appellation which is indicated as holding for the named subject of the appellative status.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the appellation which is indicated as holding for the named subject of the appellative status pertains to this subject.
This property is used to indicate the entity for which a contact point has been specified as means of contact.
This property is used to indicate the contact point which is indicated as holding for the named subject of the contact status.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the contact point which is indicated as holding for the named subject of the contact status pertains to this subject.
This property is used to indicate the entity for which a certain classification is taken to hold by the instance of classificatory status.
This property is used to indicate the type which is indicated as holding for the subject of the classification status.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the type which is indicated as holding for the subject of the classification status pertains to this subject.
This property is used to indicate the entity for which a certain functional classification is taken to hold by the instance of functional status.
This property is used to indicate the type of function which is indicated as holding for the subject of the function status.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the function which is indicated as holding for the subject of the function status pertains to this subject.
This property is used to indicate the actor for which a certain social status is taken to hold by the instance of social status.
This property is used to indicate the type of social status which is indicated as holding for the subject of the social status ascription.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the type of social status which is indicated as holding for the subject pertains to this subject.
This property is used to indicate the physical thing over which a certain custodial status is taken to hold.
This property is used to indicate the custodian to whom the custody of the physical thing which is the subject of the custodial status redounds.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the custodial status which is indicated as holding over the legal object by the custodian pertains to this subject.
This property is used to indicate the legal object over which a certain ownership status is taken to hold.
This property is used to indicate the owner to whom the title of the legal object which is the subject of the ownership status redounds.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the ownership status which is indicated as holding over the legal object by the owner pertains to this subject.
This property is used to indicate the actor for whom the residence status is taken to hold.
This property is used to indicate the place at which the subject of the residence status is taken to reside or dwell.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the residence status which is indicated as holding over the actor pertains to this subject.
This property is used to indicate the person for whom the family status is taken to hold.
This property is used to indicate the person with whom the subject of the family relation status has the familial relation which they have.
This property is used to indicate the specific type of family status which is indicated as holding between the subject individual and his/her ascribed relative.
This property is used to indicate the person or group for whom the membership status is taken to hold.
This property is used to indicate the group ascribed to the subject person of the membership status as having a membership relation thereto.
This property is used to indicate the specific type of membership status which is indicated as holding between the subject actor and the group to which it is ascribed as being a member.
This property is used to indicate the propositional object for which the referential status is taken to hold.
This property is used to indicate the referent to which the subject propositional object is taken to refer.
This property is used to indicate the specific type of referential status which is indicated as holding between the subject propositional object and its indicated intended referent.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the referential status which is indicated as holding between the subject propositional object and its indicated intended referent holds.
This property is used to indicate the performance plan sanctioned by normative rule appealed to by the speech act to bring about a new institutional fact. This performance plan indicates the series of necessary procedures that must be followed in order for the speech act to have been successfully carried out and to have created a genuine instance of the institutional fact that it was designed to make possible.
It is typical of performance plans for normative procedures to include a necessary invoking clause or set of clauses which must be uttered in the course of the performance of the speech act in order to for it to be successfully carried out. This property enables the documentation of the use of such a linguistic object.
This property is used to connect the instance of speech act to the instance of institutional fact which it brought into existence through the correct performance of the specified performance to bring about the norm type it aimed to bring about.
This property is used to indicate one of two entities for which the similarity status is taken to hold.
This property is used to indicate the other entity for which the similarity status is taken to hold.
This property is used to indicate the specific type of similarity which is indicated as holding between the two entities indicated in the similarity status.
This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the similarity status, which is indicated as holding between the two entities indicated in the similarity status, is the case. It's function corresponds with the .1 properties in CIDOC-CRM 7.1.1.
This property is used to indicate an entity which is taken as belonging to a particular set by the instance of set status.
This property is used to indicate the set to which an entity is indicated as belonging .
This property is used to indicate the specific type of belonging to the set which is indicated as holding between the subject entity and the target set.
This property is used to connect an instance of set to an entity considered to be one of its members.
This property is used to connect the instance of speech act to the instance of institutional fact which it cancels through the correct performance of the specified performance to bring about the norm type it aimed to bring about.
This property is used to connect the instance of speech act to the instance of group for whom it initiates the existence of a social fact through its performance. It serves as a shortcut for the fully developed semantic pathway, which instantiates the ZE1 Institutional Fact, in the path ZE13 Speech Act -> ZP42 intentionally initiated -> ZE1 Institutional Fact -> ZP4 held by -> E74 Group.
This property is used to connect the instance of dating status to the instance of a period to which another instance of period is related for the purposes of datation.
This property is used to connect the instance of dating status to an instance of a period typically associated with the existence or use of a physical thing or an object which is the ultimate object of inquiry.
This property is used to assign the type of relationship the dated period of the object under investigation bears towards the period assigned to it as its datation.
This property is used to indicate a dimension which represents an amount of debt owed from one party to another within an instance of formal obligation.
This property is used to indicate an actor whom is bound by an obligation which it is their duty to repay.
This property is used to indicate the specific type of obligation relation that holds between the two parties.
This property is used to indicate the actor to whom an obligation is owed in the context of an obligation.
This property is used to indicate the receiver of a property right from another party within the context of a transfer of property right.
This property is used to indicate the party ceding property right to another party within the context of a transfer of property right.
This property is used to indicate the legal object over which property right has been transfered from one party to another.
This property is used to indicate an object that is subject to a property right of some actor.
This property is used to indicate an actor who holds a right over a legal object within the context of a property right status.
This property is used to indicate the specific type of property right relation that is held over the legal object by the actor in the context of a property right status.
This property is used to indicate the party who owes another party within the the context of a declaration of obligation.
This property is used to indicate the party who is owed by another party within the the context of a declaration of obligation.
This property is used to indicate the specific amount owed by one party to another within the context of a declaration of obligation.
This property is used to indicate a third party actor for whom another's social status holds relevance (in the form of rights and/or responsibilities that are thus due to them) in the instance of social status.
This property is used to connect the instance of speech act to the instance of group for whom it terminates the existence of a social fact through its performance. It serves as a shortcut for the fully developed semantic pathway, which instantiates the ZE1 Institutional Fact, in the path ZE13 Speech Act -> ZP52 intentionally terminated -> ZE1 Institutional Fact -> ZP4 held by -> E74 Group.
This property is used to indicate an event context which limits the temporal scope within which an instance of institutional fact is meant to hold. When indicated the event context stands as the frame in which the institutional fact is held to be valid by the associcated group for whom it has significance.
This property is used to indicate an event context type which limits the spatio-temporal scope within which an instance of institutional fact is meant to hold to certain kinds of event. When indicated the event context type stands as the frame or frames in which the institutional fact is held to be valid by the associcated group for whom it has significance.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property describes the active participation of an instance of E39 Actor in an instance of E7 Activity. It implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property specifies the nature of an Actor’s participation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an instance of E7 Activity. This property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer.Another example is the use of a particular name by a particular group of people over some span to identify a thing, such as a settlement. In this case, the physical carriers of this name are at least the people understanding its use.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property identifies a specific instance of E29 Design or Procedure in order to carry out an instance of E7 Activity or parts of it. The property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that P33 refers to an instance of E29 Design or Procedure, which is a concrete information object in its own right rather than simply being a term or a method known by tradition. Typical examples would include intervention plans for conservation or the construction plans of a building.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect an instance of institutional fact to an entity with which it is concerned. The intentional subject indicated by this property is the object about which the institutional fact holds for the group committed to this institutional reality.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the entity which an instance of institutional fact ascribes to its subject. The intentional target indicated by this property is the object which the institutional fact establishes as holding of its subject for the group committed to this institutional reality. The manner of its holding is indicated by the intentional relation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the relationship which an instance of institutional fact takes to hold between its subject and its object. The intentional relation indicated by this property is the kind of relationship which the institutional fact establishes as holding between them for the group committed to this institutional reality.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the community or group for whom an instance of institutional fact holds. Institutional facts have identity only relative to some group for whom they have a significance as formulated through a chosen symbolic system.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the entity for which an appellation holds as institutional fact.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the appellation which is indicated as holding for the named subject of the appellative status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the appellation which is indicated as holding for the named subject of the appellative status pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the entity for which a contact point has been specified as means of contact.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the contact point which is indicated as holding for the named subject of the contact status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the contact point which is indicated as holding for the named subject of the contact status pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the entity for which a certain classification is taken to hold by the instance of classificatory status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the type which is indicated as holding for the subject of the classification status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the type which is indicated as holding for the subject of the classification status pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the entity for which a certain functional classification is taken to hold by the instance of functional status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the type of function which is indicated as holding for the subject of the function status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the function which is indicated as holding for the subject of the function status pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the actor for which a certain social status is taken to hold by the instance of social status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the type of social status which is indicated as holding for the subject of the social status ascription.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the type of social status which is indicated as holding for the subject pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the physical thing over which a certain custodial status is taken to hold.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the custodian to whom the custody of the physical thing which is the subject of the custodial status redounds.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the custodial status which is indicated as holding over the legal object by the custodian pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the legal object over which a certain ownership status is taken to hold.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the owner to whom the title of the legal object which is the subject of the ownership status redounds.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the ownership status which is indicated as holding over the legal object by the owner pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the actor for whom the residence status is taken to hold.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the place at which the subject of the residence status is taken to reside or dwell.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the residence status which is indicated as holding over the actor pertains to this subject.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the person for whom the family status is taken to hold.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the person with whom the subject of the family relation status has the familial relation which they have.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific type of family status which is indicated as holding between the subject individual and his/her ascribed relative.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the person or group for whom the membership status is taken to hold.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the group ascribed to the subject person of the membership status as having a membership relation thereto.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific type of membership status which is indicated as holding between the subject actor and the group to which it is ascribed as being a member.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the propositional object for which the referential status is taken to hold.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the referent to which the subject propositional object is taken to refer.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific type of referential status which is indicated as holding between the subject propositional object and its indicated intended referent.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the referential status which is indicated as holding between the subject propositional object and its indicated intended referent holds.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the performance plan sanctioned by normative rule appealed to by the speech act to bring about a new institutional fact. This performance plan indicates the series of necessary procedures that must be followed in order for the speech act to have been successfully carried out and to have created a genuine instance of the institutional fact that it was designed to make possible.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. It is typical of performance plans for normative procedures to include a necessary invoking clause or set of clauses which must be uttered in the course of the performance of the speech act in order to for it to be successfully carried out. This property enables the documentation of the use of such a linguistic object.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect the instance of speech act to the instance of institutional fact which it brought into existence through the correct performance of the specified performance to bring about the norm type it aimed to bring about.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate one of two entities for which the similarity status is taken to hold.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the other entity for which the similarity status is taken to hold.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific type of similarity which is indicated as holding between the two entities indicated in the similarity status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific manner in which the similarity status, which is indicated as holding between the two entities indicated in the similarity status, is the case. It's function corresponds with the .1 properties in CIDOC-CRM 7.1.1.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate an entity which is taken as belonging to a particular set by the instance of set status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the set to which an entity is indicated as belonging .
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific type of belonging to the set which is indicated as holding between the subject entity and the target set.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect an instance of set to an entity considered to be one of its members.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect the instance of speech act to the instance of institutional fact which it cancels through the correct performance of the specified performance to bring about the norm type it aimed to bring about.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect the instance of speech act to the instance of group for whom it initiates the existence of a social fact through its performance. It serves as a shortcut for the fully developed semantic pathway, which instantiates the ZE1 Institutional Fact, in the path ZE13 Speech Act -> ZP42 intentionally initiated -> ZE1 Institutional Fact -> ZP4 held by -> E74 Group.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect the instance of dating status to the instance of a period to which another instance of period is related for the purposes of datation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect the instance of dating status to an instance of a period typically associated with the existence or use of a physical thing or an object which is the ultimate object of inquiry.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to assign the type of relationship the dated period of the object under investigation bears towards the period assigned to it as its datation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate a dimension which represents an amount of debt owed from one party to another within an instance of formal obligation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate an actor whom is bound by an obligation which it is their duty to repay.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific type of obligation relation that holds between the two parties.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the actor to whom an obligation is owed in the context of an obligation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the receiver of a property right from another party within the context of a transfer of property right.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the party ceding property right to another party within the context of a transfer of property right.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the legal object over which property right has been transfered from one party to another.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate an object that is subject to a property right of some actor.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate an actor who holds a right over a legal object within the context of a property right status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific type of property right relation that is held over the legal object by the actor in the context of a property right status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the party who owes another party within the the context of a declaration of obligation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the party who is owed by another party within the the context of a declaration of obligation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate the specific amount owed by one party to another within the context of a declaration of obligation.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate a third party actor for whom another's social status holds relevance (in the form of rights and/or responsibilities that are thus due to them) in the instance of social status.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to connect the instance of speech act to the instance of group for whom it terminates the existence of a social fact through its performance. It serves as a shortcut for the fully developed semantic pathway, which instantiates the ZE1 Institutional Fact, in the path ZE13 Speech Act -> ZP52 intentionally terminated -> ZE1 Institutional Fact -> ZP4 held by -> E74 Group.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate an event context which limits the temporal scope within which an instance of institutional fact is meant to hold. When indicated the event context stands as the frame in which the institutional fact is held to be valid by the associcated group for whom it has significance.
This property is the inverse of the forward property described in the scope note that follows. This property is used to indicate an event context type which limits the spatio-temporal scope within which an instance of institutional fact is meant to hold to certain kinds of event. When indicated the event context type stands as the frame or frames in which the institutional fact is held to be valid by the associcated group for whom it has significance.